文本改寫與視角轉換：丘濬《家禮儀節》再探──以〈昏禮〉為例

Textual Revision and Perspective Transformation: A Re-Examination of Qiu Jun's“Jialiyijie”──Take Chapter Hunli as an Example

面對民間反映的朱熹《家禮》難讀、難行的問題，明儒丘濬編纂《家禮儀節》，為《家禮》加注作解，將原本簡單帶過的程序化為具體節文，適當因時損益，此一系列平易化處理促進《家禮》的傳播與實踐，一定程度上實現了化民成俗與排除異端的理想。本文認為丘濬對《家禮》做出的改動，在上述形式簡化的表象之下，實有鮮見關注的深層考量：一則，較之從俗，丘濬更傾向於考禮、議禮甚至在一些儀節上捨棄《家禮》回到以《儀禮》為代表的的先秦古禮。《家禮儀節》作為家禮學著作，也能窺見丘濬的禮經學成就。此外，身為理學家的丘濬藉由儀節調整與行禮空間的改動，在儀式升降周旋、拜立進退之間深化背後的倫理內涵，營造理想的家庭倫理秩序。
要之，《家禮儀節》文本中存在四種視角：遵循《家禮》為首，禮學考證次之，丘濬個人的主觀思考再次，最後才是因時損益。多元視角成就《家禮儀節》的文本厚度與思辨性色彩，但也隨之帶來三個問題：與《家禮》有一定差異，禮儀的內部矛盾，與時俗、時制契合度有限而影響接受度。《儀節》既出，丘氏此一禮學型態在家禮學乃至整個禮學史上都有其特殊意義。

In Ming Dynasty, Zhu Xi's Jiali, a book of family rituals, written by Zhu Xi, was commonly deemed challenging to comprehend and practice. To promote the dissemination and practice of Jiali, Qiu Jun authored“Jialiyijie”, based on Zhu Xi's original work. He added annotations and explanations to Jiali, changed simple procedures into specific sections and appropriately made some adjustment to certain details according to circumstances at that time. This article believes that beneath the simplified appearance above, there are actually deeper considerations that were rarely paid attention to in past research. For one thing, compared with following the circumstances at that time, Qiu Jun inclined towards analyzing and deliberating over ritual practices. Sometimes he even negated Jiali and followed the ancient pre-Qin rites represented by Yili. For another thing, as a Neo-Confucian, Qiu Jun deepened the ethical connotation behind rituals and created an ideal family ethical order by adjusting etiquette and changing the ritual space.
In summary, there are four perspectives in the text of“Jialiyijie”, with following Jiali as the first priority, a secondary emphasis on ritual study, Qiu Jun's personal subjective thinking, and finally adjustments according to circumstances at that time. Multiple perspectives make the text of“Jialiyijie”rich and speculative, but also bring about three problems. Firstly, it is somewhat different from Jiali. Further more, there are internal contradictions in some etiquette. Last but not least,“Jialiyijie”has limited compatibility with current customs and regulations, which affects its acceptance. Since the publication of“Jialiyijie”, Qiu Jun's ritual study has a special significance in family rituals study and even in the entire history of ritual study.