越南漢文小說《雨中隨筆》受中國科舉文化影響的故事描寫探討──兼論與清代小說《儒林外史》與《聊齋誌異》的異同

The Influence of Chinese Imperial Examination Culture on the Storytelling of the Vietnamese Classical Novel“Essays in the Rain”——A Discussion on the Similarities and Differences with Qing Dynasty Novels“The Scholars”and“Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio”

中國古代小說的發展，在明清時期達到了鼎盛，清代小說的作者群，也藉著科舉的相關問題作為敘事題材，產生不少的長短名篇，舉如《儒林外史》、《聊齋誌異》等。明清小說在越南流傳甚廣，影響頗大；從越南漢文小說當中也可以見到許多從大量明清小說來取材，或是在寫作技巧與思想意識上有所繼承之處。越南漢文小說受明清小說及中國文化的影響甚深，因此本文欲以范廷琥（1766-1839）《雨中隨筆》為研究對象，此書內容龐雜，包含考證科舉制度、風俗、地名，也有記人、記事，涉及因果來世、神人感應，著重心理刻畫，小說意味濃厚。本文採文獻分析法，分析探討其受中國科舉文化影響的層面；兼論與《儒林外史》、《聊齋誌異》中的寫作目的及表現手法有何異同。

The development of ancient Chinese novels reached its peak during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The group of authors in the Qing dynasty also used issues related to the imperial examination as narrative themes, producing many notable works of varying lengths, such as“The Scholars”(《儒林外史》) and“Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio”(《聊齋誌異》). Ming and Qing novels have been widely circulated in Vietnam and have had a significant impact; many Vietnamese classical novels draw from a large number of Ming and Qing novels, both in terms of source material and in writing techniques and ideological inheritance. Vietnamese classical novels are deeply influenced by Ming and Qing novels and Chinese culture. Therefore, this article aims to study Pham Tinh Ho's (1766-1839)“Essays in the Rain,”which contains a vast array of content, including examinations of the imperial examination system, customs, place names, as well as accounts of people and events. It touches on themes of causality and the afterlife, divine-human interactions, and emphasizes psychological portrayal, making it rich in novelistic elements. This article employs a literature analysis method to explore the aspects influenced by the Chinese imperial examination culture. It also discusses the similarities and differences in writing purposes and techniques compared to“The Scholars”and“Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio”.