姚從吾的治學及其史學貢獻

Yao Congwu's Scholarship and His Contribution to History

姚從吾逝世五十餘年，前人對其治學研究甚少，因姚從吾生平專注於學術研究上，鮮少發表學術以外的言論，但因突發性的心臟病逝世，遺留的資料均由其門人整理出版，但未見日記手稿資料出版，資料亦較為零碎，導致無法更瞭解姚從吾的生平與治學。目前對於姚從吾的研究均側重在宋遼金元史貢獻上，而忽略了他在史學方法的貢獻，蓋因史料缺乏之故。近年有關姚從吾資料有新發現，例如在北大講授歷史研究法的講義稿本，此稿本能使我們瞭解他的思想及史學方法貢獻。另外，《胡適檔案》收錄胡適與姚從吾書信來往記錄，這批書信手稿極為珍貴，能從書信手稿中瞭解他對於歷史的看法。因此，本文透過新的材料及近年學界的研究，除了簡述其生平之外，對研究姚從吾提出新的討論，一是姚從吾的治學風格討論，二是姚從吾對於蘭克史學引進和歷史研究法貢獻的商榷。最後再補充姚從吾的史學貢獻，包括史料的覓集、考訂與翻譯和宋遼金元史的貢獻，期望能以新一面呈現姚從吾的治學及史學貢獻。

Yao Congwu died more than 50 years ago, but there are few studies on him. Because Yao Congwu focused on academic research in his life, he rarely published remarks outside of academia. He died of a sudden heart attack, and his remaining materials were compiled and published by his students. However, Yao Congwu's diary and manuscript materials have not been published, which makes it impossible to know more about Yao Congwu's life and scholarship. At present, the study of Yao Congwu focuses on his contribution to the history of Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan. We neglect his contribution to historical methods because of the lack of historical materials. In recent years, new discoveries have been made about Yao Congwu, such as the lecture notes of his historical research method at Peking University, which enables us to understand his thoughts and contributions to historical methods.
In addition, Hu Shih Archives(胡適檔案) contains records of correspondence between Hu Shi and Yao Congwu. The manuscript letters are extremely valuable and give an insight into his views on history. Therefore, through the new materials and the academic research in recent years, in addition to the brief introduction of his life, this paper puts forward a new discussion on the study of Yao Congwu. Discussion on Yao Congwu's academic style. Yao Congwu's discussion on the introduction of Rankan historiography and the contribution of historical research method. Finally, the paper adds Yao Congwu's historical contributions, including the collection, examination and translation of historical materials and the contribution of Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan history, hoping to present Yao Congwu's research and historical contributions in a new aspect.