反法西斯主義下的「想像地理」：以謝唯進和白求恩為例

Anti-Fascist ''Imagined Geographies'': The Cases of Xie Weijin and Norman Bethune

西班牙內戰和中日戰爭，兩個看似毫不相干的戰事，卻是1930至1940年反法西斯鬥士最有共鳴的歷史羈絆，在那個年代有參加過西班牙內戰的中國人，也有救治兩場戰爭傷患的「西班牙醫生」，他們是反法西斯主義鬥士，致力於對抗法西斯勢力的侵略，其獨特經歷不僅建構出西班牙內戰和第二次中日戰爭之間的聯繫，也在全球反法西斯鬥爭最為盛行的20世紀前半葉，描繪出屬於西班牙和中國之間的「想像地理」。本文希望藉由追尋謝唯進、白求恩，兩位國際反法西斯主義者的歷史，勾勒出在1930年代的全球反法西斯主義浪潮下，西班牙、中國在反法西斯鬥士視角的想像地理，並找出其將西班牙、中國連繫在一起的歷史脈絡。

While the Spanish Civil War and the Sino-Japanese War may at first glance appear to have been two unrelated conflicts, they were in fact deeply intertwined for anti-fascist fighters during the 1930s. In that era, some Chinese participated in the Spanish Civil War, and the ''Spanish doctors'' treated the wounded in both conflicts, considering themselves to be anti-fascist fighters dedicated to combating the aggression of fascist forces on a global scale. Their unique experiences not only forged a connection between the Spanish Civil War and the Second Sino-Japanese War but also created an ''imagined geography'' that linked Spain and China together during the first half of the 20th century when the global struggle against fascism was most intense. This paper uses the case studies of Xie Weijin and Norman Bethune, two international anti-fascist volunteers, to outline the imagined geography of Spain and China from the perspective of anti-fascist fighters during the global anti-fascist wave of the 1930s and to uncover the historical contexts that linked Spain and China together.