試析蔣介石時期華僑節中的政治論述（1953-1975）

Analyzing the Political Discourse in the Huaqiao Day during the Chiang Kai-shek Era(1953-1975)

本文試圖從蔣介石時期華僑節與其相關之論述、宣傳，檢視於1949年底撤退來臺的國民黨政府如何重新理解、定義與利用華僑，並透過何種論述，來重構華僑對祖國的認識與忠誠，以動員華僑投身至中華民國「反共抗俄」之國策。本文認為，國民黨政府在1949年以後欲推行其華僑政策，必然面臨了三大挑戰：一，不論出於被迫或自願，華僑逐漸同化於「僑居國」，對祖國的感情日漸淡薄；二，來自「共匪」的競爭，讓部分華僑的政治傾向逐漸「赤化」；三，臺灣不作為大部分華僑「僑鄉」、與僑胞缺乏家鄉情誼。為了解決這類挑戰，國民黨政府必須調整對華僑的論述與宣傳，讓華僑對於「祖國」保有認同、對政府懷有忠誠，並對「復興基地」抱有同鄉之情，以求萬眾一心，進而得以實現其反攻大陸之政治目標。

This article attempts to examine how the KMT government, which retreated to Taiwan at the end of 1949, redefined and utilized overseas Chinese through its discourse and propaganda surrounding the Huaqiao Day(華僑節) during Chiang Kai-shek's era, and reconstructed their understanding and loyalty to the motherland through political discourse in order to mobilize them to participate in the national policy of ''anti-Communist and anti-Russian.'' This article argues that the KMT government faced three major challenges in implementing its policy toward overseas Chinese after 1949: first, overseas Chinese gradually assimilated into their host countries, leading to a weakening of their attachment to the motherland; second, competition from the ''Communist bandits'' led some overseas Chinese to become politically ''radicalized''; and third, Taiwan, were not the host country of most overseas Chinese, lacked emotional ties with the fellow overseas Chinese. In order to overcome these challenges, the KMT government had to adjust its discourse and propaganda toward overseas Chinese to foster their identification with the motherland, loyalty to the government, and fellow feeling toward the ''rejuvenation base,'' so as to achieve its political goal of“Retaking the Chinese Mainland”through unity.