用同理對抗污名──以畫展「精神病人的房間II」設計之情意課程

Destigmatizing Mental Disorder and Facilitating Empathy–An Affective Curriculum Design Based on "Living with Ruminations" Exhibition

根據全民健保資料，精神疾病盛行率持續上升，2019年全臺就診人數達280萬。然而，在國小課程中缺乏對精神疾病的宣導，社會對精神疾病的污名和歧視仍然存在。2022年9月，伊甸活泉之家舉辦了為期兩週的特展《精神病人的房間II：時間練習》，展示精神疾病經驗者的畫作，以展示他們的多元面貌和社會處境。本研究旨在將該展覽資源化為課程，並探討資優生透過畫展接觸精神疾病經驗者是否能引發同理心，降低污名並增進理解。
本研究以建構主義學習理論設計了四堂同理精神疾病經驗者的情意課程。研究結果顯示，在課程開始前，學生對精神疾病經驗者的理解主要以狀態或行為描述為主，但在觀看畫作後，對其處境有了更深的體會，展現了認知層面的同理，通過情緒具象化創作活動，學生更能從情感層面同理精神疾病經驗者。總結來說，以展覽《精神病人的房間II》為核心的課程能夠幫助資優生從刻板印象到更深層次的同理，也為未來精神疾病特教宣導提供了可行的方向之一。

National health insurance data shows a continual rise in the prevalence of mental disorders, with 2.8 million seeking treatment in Taiwan in 2019. Despite this, there is a lack of mental health awareness activities in elementary school curriculums, and the societal prejudice and discrimination of mental illness still exist. In September 2022, Eden Spring Home hosted an exhibition titled " Living with Ruminations ". This exhibition featured artworks by individuals with lived experience of mental disorders, expressing their diverse perspectives and societal situations through art.
Using constructivist learning theory, the study designed four emotional curriculums focused on empathizing with individuals who have experienced mental disorders, for gifted students. Results revealed increased understanding and empathy towards individuals with mental disorders. In conclusion, the curriculum centered around the exhibition helps gifted students develop deeper empathy and offers a direction for mental health education and dissemination.