國小資優學生自然領域獨立研究技能量表之編製與檢驗

The Construction and Validation of the Scale for Independent Research Skills in the Science Field for Gifted Students in Elementary Schools

本研究旨在發展適合國小資優學生之自然領域獨立研究技能量表，以作為評估國小資優學生在自然領域獨立研究技能表現之工具。本研究首先透過文獻探討，探討獨立研究與科學探究的基本理念與內涵，並參考十二年國民基本教育資賦優異相關之特殊需求領域課程綱要與美國科學促進協會提出的科學過程技能以編擬量表試題，經過試題分析、探索性因素分析、驗證性因素分析及信度分析，最後形成「觀察思辨」、「規劃運用」、「歸納推斷」三個因素；總量表信度(Cronbach’sα)為.93，共23題的自評量表。正式施測從北區、中區、南區挑選合適之國小資優學生，有效樣本數共455份有效問卷。研究結果顯示：一、自然領域獨立研究技能量表具有良好信度及效度。二、國小資優學生在自然領域獨立研究技能有正向表現。三、在自然領域獨立研究技能表現上，六年級學生在「歸納推斷」技能比五年級高。四、有無獨立研究課程及有無自然領域獨立研究作品在獨立研究技能表現上無顯著差異。

The purpose of this research is to draw up the scale of independent research skills in the science field for gifted students in elementary school. The scale can be used to assess the performance of elementary school gifted students in the science field independent research skills. The research explores the basic concepts of independent research and science through literature review, and refers to the directions for curriculum guidelines of 12-year basic education in the field of special education about the gifted students and "Science - A Process Approach" which is proposed by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) to compile a self-rating scale, which has 23 questions. After question analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis, three factors, "observation and speculation", "planning and application", and "reasoning " were finally formed. The total scale reliability (Cronbach'sα) was .93. Formal testing selects suitable elementary school gifted students from northern, central and southern Taiwan. The number of valid samples is 455.
The research results show that：1. the scale of independent research skills in the science field has good reliability and validity. 2. Elementary school gifted students have positive performance in independent research skills in the science field. 3. In terms of performance of independent research skills in the science field, sixth-grade students are higher in "Inductive reasoning" skills than fifth-grade students. 4. There is no significant difference in the scores performance of students whether they have taken independent research courses and whether they have done independent research works in the field of science.