西拉雅語人物相關詞彙之構詞策略

Morphological Strategies of People-related Vocabulary in Siraya

本文探討西拉雅語中與人物相關詞彙之構詞策略，從西拉雅語的歷史文本出發，分析歸納人物詞之構詞，並且呈現例句以探究其用法。研究結果顯示西拉雅語的人物詞構詞方式相當豐富，除了有單純詞之外，還包括各種加綴、複合詞等構詞策略。
單純詞形式的人物詞，在重疊時可表示複數，亦有透過語義轉換而產生的人物詞。加綴部分，可透過主事、受事語態之動詞詞綴來表示動作者與受動者，也可加上tama-、tai-、kawx-等詞彙前綴來衍生不同人物詞。而複合詞則可依其內部成分再細分為偏正式、動賓式及並列式等複合方式。
本文依構詞方式詳細列舉各類人物詞，並討論不同構詞策略的衍生方式及相關的語義關係。在整理出完整的分類架構的同時，不僅提供西拉雅族語構詞研究上的探索，也可作為未來族語復振創制新詞的參考。

This paper aims to explore the morphological strategies used in people-related vocabulary in the Siraya language. By analyzing Siraya historical texts, the study identifies and analyzes the morphological structure of people-related words, presenting example sentences to illustrate their usage. The findings reveal the richness of morphological strategies for people-related words in the language, which include not only simple words but also various affixation and compounding strategies.
Some people-related words formed from simple words indicate plurality when reduplicated, while others are formed via semantic transformations. In terms of affixation, verbal affixes of voices can be used to denote agents or patients, whereas lexical prefixes such as tama-, tai-, and kawx- can also be used to derive various people-related words. Additionally, compounds can be classified into different types based on their internal components, including modifier-head, verb-object, and coordinate compounds.
The paper provides a detailed enumeration of people-related words according to their morphological structure, discussing the derivational processes and semantic relationships associated with different strategies. By developing a comprehensive classification framework, this study not only contributes to the exploration of Siraya morphology but can also serve as a reference for future efforts in language revitalization and the creation of new vocabulary.