台灣華語、閩南語及客語人體四字格框架語塊研究

A Study on the Human Body Four-Character Frame Chunks in Taiwan Mandarin, Taiwanese and Hakka

四字格「框架語塊」如「…X1…X2」式是漢語一大特色，台灣華語、閩南語和客語中四字格皆為高頻使用語彙。四字格「框架語塊」是半固定的框架式待嵌結構；語義上整體義大於部分語素義之和，具「構式」義；語用上則可隨語境抽換詞面而展現能產性。本文專就人體詞所形成的四字格框架語塊進行探討，以台灣教育部國（華）語、閩南語及客語線上辭典為主要範疇，輔以其他可取得的語料，找出此三語的人體四字格框架語塊表現，就「…X1…X2」、「X1…X2…」框架語塊類型及其嵌入詞語兩個層面，應用「認知隱喻」、「框架語塊」及「構式語法」理論進行分析，比較其框架結構、搭配關係以及語義衍生情形。全文目的在指出漢語四字語塊的結構規律及語義特點，一來有助漢語語彙類型學建構，二來將有益於台灣本土語言教學。此類探討具有理論應用與教學實踐的雙重意義。

The four-character“frame chunks”such as“…X1…X2”is a major feature of Chinese. It is a high-frequency construction widely used in Taiwan Mandarin, Taiwanese, and Hakka language. Four-character frame chunks are semi-fixed frame structures that, when embedded, convey a“structural meaning”where the overall meaning is greater than the sum of the meanings of individual morphemes. The structure is highly productive. This article examines four-character frame chunks related to human body words, primarily sourced from Mandarin, Taiwanese and Hakka dictionaries compiled by the Ministry of Education of Taiwan, with additional examples drawn from other corpora. The body-word frame chunks of“X1…X2…”and“…X1…X2”, along with their embedded words are analyzed using the theoretical frameworks of“cognitive metaphor”,“frame chunks”and“construction semantics”, with comparisons of their frame structures, collocation relationships, and semantic derivation. By identifying the structural regularities and semantic features of Chinese four-character chunks, this study offers significant contributions from both theoretical and practical perspectives. It advances the construction of Chinese vocabulary typology, and provides insights into developing pedagogical approaches for teaching Taiwanese native languages.