刑事警察人員工作壓力、工作投入、工作滿意度、組織承諾與離職傾向之研究

A study of the Criminal Investigation Police’ Job Stress, Involvement, Satisfaction, Organizational commitment and Turnover Intention

全國各地刑事警察出缺嚴重，我國刑事警察組織依偵查工作環境、作業程序、情報線索與辦案技巧的需求不同，可概分為刑事警察局刑事偵查大隊、縣市警察局刑事警察大隊及分局偵查隊等三種型態。國內治安事件多係由刑事人員負責，因此刑事人員離職現象是極為重要的問題，經檢視國內文獻資料，尚未有針對各級刑事人員的離職傾向做相關比較及探討的研究，因此本研究以刑事警察人員工作壓力、工作投入、工作滿意度、組織承諾做自變項，離職傾向為依變項，採用量化方式進行調查研究，並由刑事警察局、各縣市警察局刑事警察大隊及分局偵查隊刑事人員進行線上問卷調查，最後回收535份有效問卷。
研究結果發現，以單因子獨立變異數ANOVA分析，工作壓力、工作滿意度及離職傾向達顯著差異。經Tukey HSD事後比較顯示，工作壓力方面，縣市警察局及分局刑事人員顯著高於刑事警察局；在工作滿意度方面，刑事警察局刑事人員則顯著高於其他兩者；在離職傾向方面，刑事警察局刑事人員顯著低於其他兩者；復依最小平方法迴歸分析，性別與工作壓力，顯著地預測了縣市警察局刑事人員的離職傾向，職位與工作壓力也預測了分局刑事人員的離職傾向。整體而言，我國刑事人員，身處於縣市警察局及分局，均呈現較高的離職意向，不同的是，分局刑事人員顯著地表達了較高的工作壓力，值得警政機關重視與參考。

Currently, there is a severe shortage of criminal investigation police in Taiwan. Based on the different requirements of the working environments, operating procedures, intelligence clues and detecting skills, criminal investigation police organizations can be divided into three categories. One is the criminal investigation corps of the Criminal Investigation Bureau (CIB), which belongs to the central National Police Agency (NPA); the others are the criminal investigation corps and the detective corps of the county and city police departments, which belong to district county and city governments. The domestic society security incidents mostly rely on the criminal investigators who work in the above three departments to initiate the criminal case investigations; therefore, the intentions of the resign in the criminal investigators become a significant issue. Concerning the results of the literature review, there is no relevant research about the comparison of resigning intention in the criminal investigators among district and central levels. This study adopts the quantitative research and uses the questionnaire to conduct the survey; the interviewees included the criminal investigators in the criminal investigation corps of the Criminal Investigation Bureau; the criminal investigation corps, and the detective corps of the county and city police departments, with a total of 535 questionnaires being collected successfully in the end.
The finding in this study has shown that under the Analysis of variance (ANOVA), there is a significant difference among the police pressure, police satisfaction, and the propensity for resigning. After the comparison of the Tukey HSD test, there are three findings. To start with the police pressure, the criminal investigators who work in the district are under much-job pressure than the central ones. Next, the police satisfaction of criminal investigators in the central is much higher than district ones. Finally, the propensity for resigning of the criminal investigators in the central is much lower than district ones. Besides, under the Least Square Method and Regression Analysis, it also indicates two findings. The one, gender and police pressure significantly predict the resign intent of criminal investigators in the criminal investigation corps of the county and city police departments. The other, the position and police pressure also predict the resign intent of criminal investigators in the detective corps of the county and city police departments. Overall, the criminal investigators in Taiwan, especially for those who work in the county and city police departments and precinct; both two have expressed the higher propensity for resigning, while the difference is that for those who work in the precinct under extremely more job pressure than others. The implications of this study are to provide the above findings for the police agency as a worthy reference to reconsider its policy.