自動駕駛技術於交通行動服務應用下之城市空間可及性暨公平性研析

Research on Urban Spatial Accessibility and Equality Under the Application of Autonomous Driving Technology in MaaS

自動駕駛以私人、主動、公共、共享運輸模式之時空分擔應用，成為移動需求變化下的新型旅運模式，並基於機動性、可及性、旅行行為等交通運輸特性改變，對土地利用分布型態產生影響。有鑑於該技術應用存在公共運輸替代致土地利用效率降低之疑義，且既有研究偏重以變數指標比較相異運輸模式應用下之特定土地利用變化，是以本研究旨在透過土地利用模擬與空間公平評估，探討共享自動駕駛配合公共運輸之政策適用性。本研究結果表明，自動駕駛以共享無縫支持以及共享出租取代之模式，在土地利用變遷上存在損益變化、轉換類型相近，分布型態及區位相異的情形，並分別以節點為核心與分散式分布之型態反應其旅次特性；就空間公平而論，兩情境於家戶基本服務使用尺度皆屬極高度公平，並以後項情境的提升效果為高，然於都市規劃觀點而論，其存在土地碎化與基礎設施供給效率等問題，前項情境是以在基本服務間公平性為高的特性下具有適用性。

Autonomous driving becomes an innovative travel mode with the application of private, active, public, and sharing transportation. It also has an impact on the distribution of land use because of the changing transportation characteristics such as mobility, accessibility, and travel behavior. However, it may also reduce the efficiency of land use and transportation systems with the alternative effect on public transportation. Therefore, existing studies mostly use variable indicators to analyze travel behavior and specific land use in autonomous driving scenarios. Hence, this paper uses land use simulation and spatial equality evaluation to analyze the property of the policy of sharing autonomous driving with public transportation. The results of land use change show that in two scenarios, supporting existing public transportation with seamless transportation or replacing by the rental systems, the profit and loss changes and the types of land use transition are similar but different in the spatial distribution pattern. The fairness evaluation results from the viewpoint of spatial equity show that two scenarios are in extremely high equity in the household to basic service scale, especially for the latter scenario. However, from the viewpoint of urban planning, the latter scenario also causes fragilization of land use and inefficiency of infrastructure, so, the former scenario is more suitable with the higher spatial equity in the basic service scale.