以混合式多準則決策模式建構高齡友善大眾運輸環境評估指標與評選──以臺北捷運為例

Constructing the Age-Friendly Public Transport Environment Assessment and Evaluation Indicators Through a Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Model: Using Metro Taipei as an Example

隨著社會經濟發展及醫療水準提升，於2018年底臺灣高齡人口已達14.05%，正式邁入高齡社會，並預估於2025年邁向超高齡社會，屆時勢必造成乘客結構改變，如高齡者礙於身體機能逐漸弱化，終將無法使用私人汽、機車移動，使老年乘客數量與比例增加及旅運需求類型有所變化等情形。因此，本研究基於大眾運輸導向型發展(Transit-Oriented Development, TOD)設計及高齡友善城市理念，考量高齡者的生理與心理特性和從起點至迄點的旅運需求，經由回顧高齡者對交通運輸需求的相關文獻，彙整高齡友善城市大眾運輸環境可評估項目，以混合式多準則決策模式建構高齡友善大眾運輸環境評估標準，並以實證研究檢視大眾運輸環境現況表現。本研究結果顯示，五大構面評估權重最優先順序為「可負擔性(0.3115)」，其次依序為「可適應性(0.2547)」、「有效率性(0.1781)」、「可親近性(0.1521)」、「可接受性(0.1036)」；而16項評估指標，權重前5名依序為「提供經濟實惠的交通方案(0.1737)」、「適合高齡者的大眾運輸路線(0.1677)」、「特別的交通津貼(0.1377)」、「提供特殊裝備的車輛(0.0870)」、「提供購物與醫療的交通預約(0.0708)」；方案評選優先順序依序為「臺北車站(0.4306)」、「市府轉運站(0.3211)」與「板橋車站(0.2483)」。以期提供高齡友善大眾運輸環境，亦能有益於高齡者搭乘大眾運輸外出活動，進而使大眾運輸環境朝向高齡友善之發展。

With socio-economic development and improved medical standards, the proportion of senior citizens in Taiwan reached 14.05% at the end of 2018, making Taiwan officially an ageing society. It is estimated that Taiwan will move further towards an ultra-high-age society by 2025. This will inevitably lead to changes in the structure of transport passengers. For example, the elderly will eventually be unable to use private cars and/or motorbikes for mobility due to their weakening physical capabilities. The number and proportion of elderly passengers will increase. There will also be changes in the demand and type of travel and transport. In view of this, and in order to realise the concept of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) urban planning and design and the concept of age-friendly cities, this study takes into account the physical and psychological characteristics of the elderly and their travel needs from origin to destination, and reviews the literature on the transport needs of the elderly. The assessable aspects of the public transport environment in age-friendly cities are compiled in this study. And this study uses a hybrid multicriteria decision-making model to construct indicators for assessing the age-friendly public transport environment, and an empirical study to examine the current state and performance of the public transport environment. The results show that the five dimensions included in this study were assessed in order of priority according to their weights:“Affordability (0.3115),”followed by“Adaptability (0.2547),”“Efficiency (0.1781),”“Approachability (0.1521),”and“Acceptability (0.1036).”Among the 16 indicators, the top 5 in terms of weighting were“provision of affordable transport options (0.1737),”“public transport routes for senior citizens (0.1677),”“special transport subsidy (0.1377),”“provision of specially equipped vehicles (0.0870),”and“provision of transport appointments for shopping and medical treatment (0.0708).”As for the proposals, the order of priority was“Taipei Station (0.4306),”“City Hall Transfer Station (0.3211),”and“Banqiao Station (0.2483).”This study aims to provide a generally age-friendly public transport environment that is conducive to the mobility of senior citizens on public transport, and to promote the development of an age-friendly public transport environment.