臺灣公私協力教保服務政策之發展與省思

From Separation to Cooperation between Public and Private: Development and Reflection on Educare Service Policies

臺灣從1960年代開始呈現私幼多於公幼的現象，兩者間的差距並在1980年代初期達到高峰。近年臺灣的幼教政策，主要面對幼托整合與公私機構失衡等兩大問題；在幼托整合方面，隨著《幼兒教育及照顧法》（2012）頒行，暫解原本衍生的矛盾現象，後續政策朝向提升教保服務品質而努力；在公私機構失衡方面，則透過公幼擴園增班、公共化教保服務政策，以及準公共機制等政策，以擴張公共化與準公共幼兒園的收托量能，並以提供平價教保服務為目標。前述有關增設公幼、減輕家長托育負擔等成為教育改革的重要訴求，其間致力將幼教生態從「公私分立」轉為「公私協力」的發展，可視為近年幼教改革的重要轉折。本文就從公私分立轉向公私協力的幼教政策發展脈絡與相關內容進行分析，探討前述政策變革對社會與幼教生態所產生的衝擊與影響，並就前述分析提出政策發展持續面臨的五項省思議題，以供後續政策發展與修正之參。

Since the 1960s, there are more private kindergartens than public ones in Taiwan, and the gap between the two reached its peak in the early 1980s. In recent years, Taiwan's educare policy has primarily faced two major challenges: the integration of private and public educare institutions and the imbalance between them. With the implementation of the ''Preschool Education and Care Act,'' the contradiction that arose from the integration of private and public institutions has been temporarily resolved, and subsequent policies have focused on improving the quality of educare services. Efforts to transform the educare ecosystem from ''public-private separation'' to ''public-private collaboration'' can be seen as a significant turning point in recent educare reforms. The study analyzes the development context and relevant content of the shift from public-private separation to public-private collaboration in educare policies, explores the impact and influence of the aforementioned policy changes on society and the educare ecosystem, and five reflective issues for ongoing policy development and adjustments are presented.