19 世紀末20 世紀初愛爾蘭獨立進程中的體育運動要素

本文以19世紀末20世紀初的蓋爾復興運動和愛爾蘭獨立運動為背景，運用民族主義理論，以整體視角分析民族傳統運動、現代運動、民族主義及政治革命的交互關係，旨在以愛爾蘭為案例，識別運動在構建民族身分和民族主義過程中所起的積極作用。文章指出，愛爾蘭民族主義者和政治活動家們號召民眾從英國殖民者手中奪回對運動組織和賽事的控制權，並力圖通過發展傳統的蓋爾式運動增強民族凝聚力，激發愛國熱情。在蓋爾運動協會的努力下，綠茵場成為了反抗英國文化殖民的前沿陣地。與此同時，愛爾蘭運動員在奧運賽場上抗議英國殖民統治，爭取國際社會對愛爾蘭獨立運動的支持，在一定程度上推動了民族意識和民族主義的覺醒。

This article studies the relationships between sport, nationalism, the Gaelic Revival movement and the Irish Independence movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The objective is to understand the role of sport in the construction of national identity and nationalism. It points out that Irish nationalists and political activists urged the Irish people to regain control over sport from the hands of the British. They also called for the promotion of traditional Gaelic Games in order to cultivate a sense of national consciousness and build up national unity. With the effort of the Gaelic Athletic Association, sport was endowed with political significance and became part of the struggle against the British rule. Also in this period, the modern Olympic Games became a unique stage for Irish athletes to show their national identity and the claim of independence to the international community. In short, sport played an important part in the construction of Irish national identity and nationalism, and contributed to the Irish Independence Movement in unique ways.