世界經濟論壇《未來就業報告書》對臺灣人才培育之啟示

2023年生成式AI技術的發展以及過去三年Covid-19的影響，加速了勞動市場的重新配置與產業轉型，知識經濟競爭愈發激烈，對人才需求也隨之變化。本研究從世界經濟論壇（World Economic Forum, WEF）2023年出版的《未來就業報告書》出發，分析全球勞動市場規模的轉變、驅動市場轉型的因素與阻礙，以及企業針對這些趨勢採取的勞動力策略。隨後，研究爬梳臺灣人才培育相關政策，提出與全球勞動市場發展的連結性與評述。報告書重要發現從「轉型障礙與勞動力策略」、「攬才與留才」、「人才發展」三方面陳述；臺灣人才培育發展重點則歸納為：大學與產業的結合、國際化與數位化、創業與創新、高階人才培育、勞動力結構調整等五項。本研究據此從產學合作推動、數位轉型和勞動力供應等面向探討台灣的挑戰與啟示。

The development of generative AI technology in 2023, coupled with the impact of Covid-19 over the past three years, has accelerated the reconfiguration of the labor market and industry transformation. The competition in the knowledge economy is becoming increasingly fierce, and the demand for talent is changing accordingly. This study starts with the ''Future of Jobs Report'' published by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2023, analyzing the changes in the global labor market size, the factors driving market transformation and its obstacles, as well as the workforce strategies adopted by enterprises in response to these trends. Subsequently, the study reviews Taiwan's talent development policies, linking them to global labor market developments and providing commentary. The report's key findings are presented in three aspects: ''barriers to transformation and workforce strategies,'' ''talent acquisition and retention,'' and ''talent development.'' The focus areas for Taiwan's talent development are summarized as follows: integration of universities and industries, internationalization and digitalization, entrepreneurship and innovation, cultivation of high-level talent, and labor force structure adjustment. Based on this, the study explores Taiwan's challenges and insights from the perspectives of promoting industry-academia collaboration, digital transformation, and labor supply.