從我國私校退場現況檢視私校退場政策

近年來，少子女化導致私立學校學生減少和經濟壓力加劇，對我國教育體系造成深遠影響，政府因此制定《退場條例》，建立私校退場機制，但此條例僅適用於專案輔導學校，未被列為專輔且自願退場的學校則依《私立學校法》辦理，導致我國私校退場形成「雙軌制」現象，也讓我國現行私校退場政策在實施中存在諸多挑戰。有鑑於此，本文旨在以目前臺灣私立學校退場現況，並就現行私校退場機制中的政策落差提出改進建議，以完善我國私校退場政策。本文透過文件分析法，發現我國私校退場政策出現的問題包含政策設計與實施的落差、政策實施的複雜性以及時間上的政策落差，影響政策的有效性和公平性。建議完善法律和政策框架、強化政策執行機制、加強轉型或併校支持、提升應急處理能力，以縮小政策落差和提高政策實施效果。

In recent years, the declining birthrate has profoundly impacted Taiwan’s education system, particularly private schools, which face challenges such as decreasing student numbers and increasing financial pressures. To address this issue, the government enacted the Act Governing the Closure of Private Educational Institutions at Senior Secondary or Higher Level(referred to as the ''Closure Act''), establishing a mechanism for the orderly closure of private schools. However, the Closure Act applies only to schools under special guidance, while other schools that are not designated for special guidance but wish to close voluntarily must do so according to the Private School Law. This has resulted in a dual-track system for private school closures in Taiwan, leading to numerous challenges in implementing the current policies. This paper aims to examine the current state of private school closures in Taiwan and propose improvements to address policy gap in the existing closure mechanisms to enhance Taiwan’s private school closure policies. Through document analysis, this study identifies issues in Taiwan’s private school closure policies, including discrepancies between policy design and implementation, the complexity of policy execution, and temporal policy gaps, all of which affect the effectiveness and fairness of the policies. Recommendations include improving the legal and policy framework, strengthening policy execution mechanisms, enhancing support for transformation or mergers, and increasing emergency response capabilities to bridge policy gaps and improve policy implementation effectiveness.