「新金門危機」從「解嚴世代」？金門女性生命歷程解析

近年來，金門出現不婚、晚婚與不生的「新金門危機」，既有文獻忽略金門處於雙重邊緣及制度突變的脈絡。本文運用質性研究方法，以生命歷程為研究原則，透過代內分化和多重分析，訪談十位出生於1992至2002年間的金門女性，從多層次架構捕捉年輕女性所處的特定壓迫。一、鉅視層次：歷史時期下制度突變，金門從軍事社會轉型到後工業社會，加大個人與家庭生命歷程差異。在單一領域時間序列制度的宰制下，以家庭、教育、工作的先後次序被形塑，去標準化生命歷程反映兩岸三地制度間關係；二、中介層次：前一階段人力資本影響勞動型態，代內階級分化，工作宰制私人生活；三、微視層次：繼承傳統使年輕女性在資本主義社會承受更強的制度間衝突，不婚成為一種集體抵抗，反映新型態的性別衝突。「新金門危機」的因應之道是需理解解嚴後所存在的特定制度間關係，加上閩南文化扮演的角色，方能建構新的性別契約。

Since 1992, the tourism and service industries have been the main economic drivers for Kinmen’s survival. Recently, issues such as no marriage, late marriage, and low birth rates, which are common in post-industrial societies, have led to the“New Kinmen Crises.”However, few studies have explored this context. This article, based on cohort differentiation and multiple analyses, interviews ten women who were born between 1992 and 2002 in Kinmen. The specific oppression of Kinmen young women is captured in multiple analysis. On a macro level, the emergence of de-standardized life courses is embedded in the institutional changes and relationships within the context of geopolitics. On a meso level, labor participation based on education leads to the formation of female classes within industrial-organizational framework. On a micro level, the male-inherit culture generates stronger institutional conflicts in capitalism society for young women, thereby they develop a collective resist to get marry. To response“New Kinmen Crises”requires sensitivity to the cultural effects within institutional relationships and the creation of a new gender contract.