法國專門職業與外國資格認許制度   全文下載

France Professions Systems and Foreign Qualifications Recognition

在WTO服務貿易自由化的全球化浪潮中，目前國際間簽署的專門職業資格相互認許協定為數不多，而且幾乎都附屬在各種區域貿易協定之中。國際間「相互認許」的概念，最早是由歐洲有系統的應用在專門職業的領域上。歐盟對於法規管制型專門職業的資格認許制度，依其發展先後，可分為過渡性指令，對於工藝、商業、工業等部門的職業，建立專業經歷自動認許制度；部門性指令，針對醫師、護理師、牙醫師、助產師、獸醫師、藥師及建築師，就其專門職業資格自動認許；一般體系指令，建立相互認許制度。在這種架構下，法國對外國專門職業學歷及執業資格的採認，對不同的專門職業有寬嚴不同的處理方式，對於不同的國家，以是否屬於歐盟或歐盟經濟區域協定簽約國或瑞士為區分，也有不同的對待方式。本文以歐盟專門職業資格相互認許的各種指令為架構，分析法國專門職業的種類、養成方式，以及法國對外國學歷及執業資格的採認方式，藉他山之石，作為我國繼續推動專門職業服務貿易自由化的參考。

Although there is a World Trade Organization, we still see regional trade agreements or free trade agreements in many parts in the world. European Union had adopted three kinds of Directives for all Member State nationals wishing to practise a regulated profession in a Member State other than that in which they obtained their professional qualifications. The transitory Directives provide a automatic recognition of professional experience for professions of craft, commerce and industry sectors. The sectoral Directives covering the seven professions of doctor, nurse, dental practitioner, veterinary surgeon, midwife, pharmacist and architect, allow for automatic recognition of professional qualifications. And finally, the general systems Directives rule on mutual recognition which applies to all other regulated professions for which Member States require a qualification. Under this EU framework, France regulated professions have devised different qualification recognition systems for different nationalities and different diplomats delivered by different countries.
This paper studies the regulated professions systems in France, as well as the training systems before the professionals qualified to exercise. Then the author focuses on the France arrangements for foreign qualification recognition. It is hoped that the France experience can be referred when this country tries to proceed in the efforts of globalization.