日本、韓國國立大學法人化對我國立法之啟示   全文下載

The Enlightenment of Incorporation of National Universities in Japan and South Korea for Our Country’s Legislation

台灣在國立大學法人化立法工作一度受挫。如今，捲土重來，在立法時機上，步在日本、韓國之後，他山之石不但可以攻錯，也可以從日、韓實施之經驗，對我國立法有正面參考，更符國內學術環境，有益於國家競爭力之提升。
在比較日、韓二國與台灣現行法制及實務運作狀況之後，本文提出以下十個值得我國於立法時思考及學習的重點：一、法人化不能偏離大學自治、學術自由之本質；二、校長權責加重，統合學術與經營管理之領導；三、引進企業經營理念，創設「經營協議會」，讓大學法人經營管理、財物運用與教學研究事項區分；四、董事會、校務會議存在必要性之商榷；五、各校間、各學院系所差異化發展趨勢；六、對於大學基礎性及長期性研究經費，法律應明文保障補助比率；七、學生學費提高法制化；八、教師退撫費用仍應由政府繼續負擔；九、教育部應支付國立大學法人化之轉型費用；十、重大決策須事先溝通，強化校內民主程序。

The legislation of incorporation of national universities had once been foiled. However, recently there are efforts being made to stage a comeback. Following the footsteps of Japan and South Korea, the legislative opportunity is now muture. The experience of Japan and South Korea can not only offer a positive reference for our country’s legislation but also provide us teachings just as stones from other hills may serve to polish the jade from this hill. It not only fit in with our country's academic environment, but is also useful for the improvement of the national competitiveness.
After comparing Japan’s, Korea’s, and Taiwan's current legal system and practical operation, this article puts forward ten points for deserve our country to consider and study while legislating: (1) Incorporation of national universities cannot deviate from the essence of autonomy of universities and academic freedom. (2) Increasing the authority and responsibility of Presidents to consolidate the leadership of academy and management. (3) Introducing the concept of enterprise management and establishing ''Management Council Committee'' to separate management, use of property, teaching and researching affairs. (4) Reviewing the need for the existence of the board of directors and the university affairs meeting. (5) Development trend of the differentiation between universities, colleges, and departments. (6) The law should explicitly ensure a fixed-ratio subvention for the basic and chronic research of the universities. (7) Any increase of student's tuition should be legalized. (8) The government should continuously be responsible for the teacher’s pension annuity. (9) The Ministry of Education should pay for the transition expenses of the incorporation of national universities. (10) In order to strengthen the democratic process in the school, momentous decisions must be communicated in advance.