美國總統的行政首長提名過程之研究   全文下載

Nominative Processes of Political Appointee in USA

本研究探討美國總統的行政首長的提名過程與作法。美國總統依據憲法所賦予的職權，擁有的政治任命職位數目眾多。究竟美國總統如何踐行聯邦憲法所賦予之行政首長提名權限？本文分別探討其依據與程序、提名習慣、提名的理論基礎、實際過程、政黨介入情形與提名的考慮因素等項目。本文研究方法採用文獻分析法，將相關的立論與實例，加以把梳分析。本文研究結論：美國總統的行政首長的提名，由於總統能力有限，是藉由公開、多元的制度化的提名機制所運作；提名的程序，在歷史的發展上，由簡單而越複雜而慎重。作者提出研究觀點，認為：到底總統所要提名的人，都要是能力相當，適才適所，且品德高超，才不會在後續的程序中，被參議院行使同意權所否決；因此美國總統的行政首長提名程序，必須是複雜而慎重的。這些程序是由總統行政權內部所訂定並發展而成的嚴謹的制度化過程，深值得我們深思與效法。

The purpose of this article is to study nominative process of political appointee in USA. The American President is empowered by the Federal Constitution to make multitudinous political appointments. The article discusses the basis and the processes of the nomination, the nominative custom, nominative rationale, actual nominative processes, involvement of political parties in the nominative processes, nominative projects and so on.
The method of this article to carry on is documental analysis. The findings of this article are: American President needs a nominative mechanism to make clear multitudinous nomination; the nominative procedures have developed from simple to complex and prudent. The authors conclude that in order to recruit right people to right positions, there would be a nominative mechanism developed in President Office, and then they could not be vetoed in the Senate.