績效評估知識生產在政府知識管理上之產權意涵   全文下載

The Meaning of Applying Performance Evaluation in Government Knowledge Management

伴隨90年代知識管理（knowledge management, KM）思潮風行，知識管理內涵遭到誤認及誤用所在情事多有。經理人認為知識管理可以振衰起蔽，創造高績效與營收，基層實務者認為透過知識創新可以成為新的知識工作者，彷彿任何事物只要與「知識管理」相關即可點石成金。
知識管理濫用結果產生兩種謬誤，一是將舊有的管理方法魚目混珠充作知識管理，最常見的誤認就是將知識管理視為檔案管理及組織學習，認為只要將檔案整理分享就已經做好知識管理，甚至部份公私部門組織認為打造學習型組織就可做好知識管理。另外一個誤認就是將組織管理e化當作知識管理。此種誤認問題較為複雜，知識管理的確包含資訊科技的應用，以協助知識生產與儲存工作，但e化只是知識管理的工具之一，生產知識、運用知識的主體是人，不是電腦系統，因此建構KM資訊系統並不代表已經完成知識管理，如果系統使用偏低，再好的KM系統也無法發揮知識管理功能。
由於知識管理涉及的層面廣泛，且已有豐富的實務研究成果，本文將由其他度來分析知識管理在公部門的應用問題。當公部門內部知識移轉到外部時，不僅可能引起競租行為（例如公開都市計畫的決策程序），更可能為反對黨用做攻擊工具。組織內部的知識管理則更為複雜，因為官僚組織設計就是垂直的層級節制與水平的專業分工，知識在官僚組織內部的垂直散佈要比水平散佈容易，因此各層級的管理人員經常扮演知識匯集與創新的角色，但不幸的是在個人績效考量之下，各級行政人員會刻意隱瞞對己不利訊息，因而透過層級節制最終傳遞到管理人員的資訊有限，渠等是否足以從事知識匯集與創新工作值得懷疑。
由於知識管理的中心思想在於促進知識的生產與運用以提高組織績效，而行政機關的官僚式組織設計可能影響知識的生產與分享，因此本文透過績效評估的知識生產角度，分析知識管理在政府部門應用所可能產生的知識產權問題。

With coming of 90s, Knowledge Management, KM, became a fashion. Although, it is thought valid, but misguide grew more. One of them is to consider KM as files management and organization learning. KM is not as simple as only files management, but also sharing knowledge through study group or meeting. The other one is to take KM as information system building, and this problem is more complicated. Indeed, KM uses information system to help knowledge production and storage, but this system could be used unusually as if users dislike to use it.
KM is a comprehensive issue in academic research. I try to analysis it on another way. The goal of KM is to produce valid or useful knowledge to improve organizational performance, and this goal is as same as Performance Evaluation. The basic function of performance evaluation is to manage the activities in the organization. Maybe we can say that good performance evaluation will produce valid and useful knowledge, and valid knowledge is the foundation of KM.
In this paper, I tried to review this process of knowledge production of performance evaluation, and understand how it affected the KM in government. The key problem is who own the knowledge will take it as private property. The property right of knowledge caused knowledge owner didn’t share their own actively. We must take this property right problem more carefully, and try to assign an incentive system to it.