國家考試申論式試題應否公布參考答案之研究   全文下載

Study on Disclosure of Reference Answers for Explanation Questions in National Examination

考選部自民國81年專技人員高普考試開始，實施考畢後對外公布所有試題及測驗式試題答案措施，其後並在相關法制中納入有關規定；但是申論式試題參考答案，則迄今並未對外公布，僅供閱卷委員於閱卷評分時參考。近些年來應考人以資訊公開為理由，不斷要求考選機關在考試後能比照測驗式試題答案處理模式，公布申論式試題參考答案。但是考選機關考量考試評分屬專業性學術判斷，不宜接受公眾審查；人文社會科學可能有不同流派見解，參考答案如未能涵蓋周延，公布以後可能會引發爭議；屆時媒體喧騰、民意代表介入關切、考生據以提出行政爭訟，最後可能會衝擊到長久以來司法判決尊重專業性及屬人性判斷餘地之見解；從而影響到爾後學者專家擔任典試工作意願。由於顧慮可能產生的後遺症太多，因此迄今仍未能有效開放公布。本文除從制度面討論申論式試題未公布參考答案在相關法制上沿革，以及從實務面思考申論式試題究竟應否公布參考答案外，另以93年高考三級及普考命題委員閱卷委員為對象寄發調查問卷，徵詢學者專家對申論式試題參考答案公布與否，以及未來倘公布後是否願意協助考選機關擔任試題疑義釋復及後續疑義會議召開等問題看法，並就回收問卷統計結果予以分析說明，最後則提出具體改進建議。

The Ministry of Examination started to implement the measure of disclosing answers of all questions and choice questions after the examination, ever since senior and junior examination for professionals and technologists in 1992. After that, related regulations were put in related laws. However, reference answers for explanation questions are not announced until now, but only for reference by members of the grading while grading and giving scores. During recent years, based on the reason of information disclosure, examination participants have been requiring the examination agency to follow the example of choice question, disclose reference answers for explanation questions. However, examination agency thinks that grading is a kind of professional academic judgment; therefore, it is not suitable to be subject to public examination. There might be different schools of opinions for humanities and social sciences; it might ignite disputes after the disclosure if it cannot cover everything. At that time, there might be interference from the media, civil affairs officers, and examination participants might use it to raise administration litigation, and finally there might bring impact on the understanding that judicial judgment respects professionalism and leaves room for human judgment. Consequently, it will also have an influence on the willingness for experts and scholars to take part in examination affairs. For the many possible concerns, they are not disclosed effectively until now. This article discusses the history of not disclosing reference answers for explanations questions in terms of related systems, and also gives consideration about whether it should be disclosed in terms of actual practice. In addition, questionnaires are sent to members of the grading for grade 3 senior examination and junior examination of 2004, to inquire the opinions of experts and scholars about whether it should be disclosed, whether they will be willing to assist the examination agency in explaining doubts about these questions, and their thoughts about holding follow-up doubt conference etc. This article will give actual recommendations on improvement by analysis and explanations based on statistical results of returned questionnaires.