小團體情境中男女互動關係的面貌——神話與小說的重現

The Prototypes of Male-female Interaction in a Small Group-the Recurrence of Chinese Myths and Legends

本研究主要是藉由兩性互動之團體動畫描繪，捕捉出受傳統中國文化神話或小說中形塑的兩性互動原型，並解讀其所蘊含之華人集體意志的呈現與象徵意義。本研究對象以研究者自2002年至2004年來，帶領的歷次團體動力訓練課程中，共有三十個專業助人者的學習團體為主，並以團體成員在每次團體後的觀察報告、研究者所做的團體過程觀察紀錄和團體討論，以及訓練課程結束後，與三位男性成員進行三個小時的焦點團體紀錄為研究資料來源。研究者持縱橫兩軸所構成的觀察團體特質，其中縱軸為女性對「權威」主題的調適，分為「依賴權威－自主平等」面向，橫軸則為「同儕互動」的調適，分為「競爭控制－合作互補」程度，來歸納與分析兩性互動的團體動畫，及其與中國神話兩性關係原型的對應。研究結果發現，小團體中男女互動關係可歸納為八大型態。研究者並依此提出建議：首先，無論男女都可以自由地發展自我，不掉入性別的僵化與約束。其次，提供專業助人者，在對待個案或進行夫妻諮商或家族治療時，增加瞭解他們所處的深層關係裡傳統中國文化與神話在潛意識裡所扮演的動力。擴大專業助人者的想像空間，並相信每個人都擁有其內在資源與選擇，並有能力改變，建構自我的界線，彈性地運用自我的力量，以增進兩性相處的調適之道。

The purpose of this study was to observe the picture of male-female interaction presented in a small group process, which could be interpreted by the Chinese myths and legends. In addition, we classified the male-female interactions into various prototypes and used to analyze the collective unconsciousness and hidden meanings among Chinese people. Data were collected from 2002 to 2004 including 30 professional study groups. The male to female ratio in each group was either 1:4 or 2:5. The data resources were 1) the observers' reports of group dynamic processes, 2) the reports from the group participants themselves, 3) the records of group discussions, and 4) the records of focusing-group discussions by three male participants. Data were conceptualized vertically and horizontally to reflect the prototypes derived from Chinese myths and legends. The vertically conception means to evaluate the female participants who cope with male figure in an attitude of authority-dependent or gender equality in the group dynamic. The horizontal conception refers to the evaluation of the female participants who adjust to the peer interaction by a degree of competitive control or collaborative mutuality in the group dynamic. We found that the male-female interaction in a small group processes could be divided into eight types reflecting to the prototypes derived from Chinese myths and legends. Each prototype was a mixture of complicated feelings and would be discussed in the paper. Based on the results, we suggested that self-growth should go beyond gender restriction. In addition, the studies emphasized the awareness of the male-female interaction prototypes, which may be helpful to the professionals working with couple therapy or family therapy. Furthermore, the studies would extend the imagination of professionals to understand the role of Chinese myths and legends that play a dynamic role in the male and female interactions.