「華藏入名字，持名入華藏」──彭紹升《華嚴念佛三昧論》之綱宗及黃念祖對其之理解

“Hua Zang Enters the Name, and Enters the Hua Zang with the Name”: Peng Shaosheng’s Outline of“The Samadhi of Huayan Chanting Buddha”and Huang Nianzu’s Understanding of“The Samadhi of Huayan Chanting Buddha”

華嚴宗暢法界圓融，淨土宗重信願念佛，清代彭紹升述《華嚴念佛三昧論》，援華嚴義學以彰顯淨土法義，以「一多相入，主伴交融，即自即他，亦專亦普」融通極樂世界與華藏世界，更標舉「念佛法身、念佛功德、念佛名字、念毘盧遮那佛、念極樂世界阿彌陀佛」等五種念佛門，貫通全論。近代黃念祖《華嚴念佛三昧論講記》，以天台宗之五重玄義判釋，其詮釋獨到之處有三：（一）於「明宗」，申論念一佛名即念十方諸佛法報應三身之圓融勝妙，印證念阿彌陀佛即念毘盧遮那佛，強調本論以「華藏入名字，持名入華藏」為宗；（二）於「論用」，就實修面向指出淨土宗所重念阿彌陀佛、求生極樂之行法，契合《華嚴經》中普賢菩薩十大願王導歸極樂之意蘊；若能依華嚴圓教心量而念佛，從事持入理持，亦能提升往生蓮位；（三）於「教相」判此論接近天台宗所判「圓教」或華嚴宗「圓頓教」，指出通達華嚴「圓教」者，可從一法門中入一切法門，一念即一切念，於一念中念諸佛名，即感通諸佛法身、報身、化身，既彰顯華嚴念佛「亦專亦普」之玄妙，更顯淨土法門「至圓至頓」之意趣。

The Huayan Sect promotes the harmony of the Dharma world, and the Pure Land Sect emphasizes the belief in chanting the Buddha’s name. In the Qing Dynasty, Peng Shaosheng recited“The Samadhi of the Huayan Buddha”and supported the Huayan doctrine to demonstrate the meaning of the Pure Land.“Specialized and Universal”integrates the Paradise of Ultimate Bliss and the Hua Zang World, and also identifies five types of Buddhist chanting, such as“reciting the Buddha’s Dharmakaya, reciting the merits of the Buddha, reciting the name of the Buddha, reciting Vairocana Buddha, and reciting the Amitabha Buddha in the Ultimate Bliss”, which runs through the entire treatise. In modern times, Huang Nianzu’s“Lecture Notes on the Samadhi of Huayan Nianfo Buddha”begins with an explanation of the five profound meanings of the Tiantai Sect. There are three unique points in his interpretation: 1. In the“Ming Sect”, it is stated that reciting the name of the Buddha means reciting the dharma of all the Buddhas in the ten directions. The perfect harmony of the three bodies proves that reciting Amitabha Buddha means reciting Vilochana Buddha. It emphasizes that this treatise is based on the principle of“entering the Hua Zang into the name, and holding the name to the Hua Zang.”2. In terms of“Discussion and Use”, from the perspective of practical cultivation, it is pointed out that the Pure Land Sect emphasizes the practice of reciting Amitabha and seeking rebirth in bliss, which is in line with the meaning of Samantabhadra Bodhisattva’s ten great wishes to lead him to bliss in the Avatamsaka Sutra; if one can follow the flower Yanyuan teaches that by reciting the Buddha’s name with the mind in mind and practicing the concept of upholding it, it can also improve the lotus position of rebirth. 3. In terms of“Jiao Xiang”, this theory is close to the“Yuan Jiao”judged by the Tiantai Sect or the“Yuan Dun Jiao”of the Huayan Sect. It points out that those who understand the Huayan“Yuan Jiao”can enter all Dharma gates from one Dharma door, and one thought can be all thoughts. Reciting the names of all Buddhas in one thought will instantly connect to the dharma bodies, sambhogakayas, and incarnations of all Buddhas. It not only demonstrates the mystery of Avatamsaka’s recitation of Buddha’s name, which is“both specialized and universal,”but also reveals the meaning of the Pure Land Dharma’s“perfect perfection and perfection.”