高屏地區跆拳道選手面對體重控制的壓力與心理倦怠之探討

Research of Taekwondo players face weight control challenges, Stress, and Psychological Fatigue in Kaohsiung and Pingtung Area

目的：了解體重控制對跆拳道選手訓練時的壓力與心理倦怠之現況、差異及相關情形。方法：本研究利用SPSS22.0統計軟體，以描述性統計、獨立樣本t考驗、獨立樣本單因子變異數分析、Pearson積差相關、逐步回歸分析進行資料處理與分析，本研究之顯著水準訂為α=.05並透過文獻分析法將所得資料加以歸納與分析。結果：（一）不同背景變項之高屏地區國、高中跆拳道選手面對體重控制的壓力，在年級、運動參與年資、每周訓練天數、參賽量級、最佳運動表現均無顯著差異，但在性別則有顯著差異。（二）不同背景變項之高屏地區國、高中跆拳道選手面對體重控制的心理倦怠：跆拳道選手不會因上述因素而對心理倦怠有不同的反應。（三）高屏地區國、高中生跆拳道選手面對體重控制的壓力與心理倦怠之相關分析：根據研究結果指出跆拳道選手的壓力分數高低參照訓練負荷量，也就是壓力的「訓練負荷量向度」越少時，壓力的得分就越低。而「生理因素」與「訓練負荷量向度」呈顯著正相關。根據研究結果指出跆拳道選手的壓力分數高低參照於訓練負荷量向度，也就是壓力的「訓練負荷量」越多時，壓力的分數就越高。（四）高屏地區國、高中生跆拳道選手面對體重控制的壓力對心理倦怠之解釋力分析：壓力有「訓練負荷量」、「個人發展」、「身體焦慮」，心理倦怠有「競技與心理因素」、「生理因素」。結論：未來教練可以透過多元管道減少選手壓力及心理倦怠，教導正確價值觀，進而維持動機、提升訓練績效。

Purpose: This study aims to understand the current status, differences, and correlations regarding the stress and psychological burnout experienced by Taekwondo athletes during weight control training. Methods: Employing SPSS 22.0 statistical software, the research analyzed data through descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise regression analysis, with a significance level set atα=.05. Data were synthesized and analyzed through literature review methods. Results: (1) Among high school Taekwondo athletes in the Kaohsiung city and Pingtung country, stress related to weight control did not significantly differ across grade level, years of participation in the sport, training days per week, competition weight class, or best performance, except in terms of gender. (2) Psychological burnout faced by Taekwondo athletes in relation to weight control did not vary due to the aforementioned factors. (3) The correlation between stress and psychological burnout in Taekwondo athletes from the Kaohsiung city and Pingtung country’s high schools: the results indicate that stress levels among Taekwondo athletes are inversely proportional to their training load; that is, lower scores in the ''training load dimension'' correspond to lower stress levels. Additionally, ''physiological factors'' and the ''training load dimension'' showed a significant positive correlation. (4) Analysis of the explanatory power of stress from weight control on psychological burnout in these athletes reveals that stress includes ''training load,'' ''personal development,'' and ''body anxiety,'' whereas psychological burnout includes ''competitive and psychological factors'' and ''physiological factors.'' Conclusion: Coaches can reduce athletes' stress and psychological burnout through diverse channels, teaching correct values to maintain motivation and improve training performance.