侮教案、豬食禁忌與回民國族意識：以1932年《南華文藝》事件與《月華》之相關論述為核心

Blasphemy Cases, Pork taboo and Sino-Muslims identities: A Study of Nanhua Wenyi Incident and Yuehua narratives in 1932

本文以1932年《南華文藝》侮教事件及《月華》雜誌所出版的「辨誣專號」內容為對象，分析民國時期中國漢語穆斯林（回民）如何透過侮教案作為發聲的場域，對侮教事件加以批評，同時藉此凝聚自身的族群意識、表達對所屬群體在中國國族中地位的焦慮。
本文首先簡要回顧近代中國國族主義論述的建構過程以及回民自身的身份意識與論述。近代中國單一性、以漢族為中心的主流國族主義論述，刺激了包含回民在內的非漢族群的集體意識，並開始強調自身在中國國族中的地位。這樣的族群張力也表現在當時屢次發生的「侮教案」中。特別是與「豬食禁忌」有關的侮教案，帶出了回、漢族群間長期的隔閡與清真的敏感性。而這些固有的族群關係現象在新興的報紙、雜誌等印刷媒體推波助瀾下，有了更大的輿論效應。隨後以此為出發點，本文分析《月華》「辨誣專號」中針對侮教事件所刊登的文章內容。本文認為當時回民精英對於《南華文藝》侮教事件的回應並不止於批評其侮教，而是更進一步關切中國回民在近代中國國族建構中的角色與地位。

This article explores Sino-Muslims (Huimin) identities by focusing on the Nanhua Wenyi (南華文藝) Incident, during which the famous periodical Yuehua (月華) published a special issue to“refute the blasphemy”(bianwu). The special issue included several articles by which the Sino-Muslim authors sought to express their identities, the anxiety about their status in the newborn Chinese nation and the way they picture its future, while refuting the blasphemous account published by Nanhua Wenyi.
The article begins with the brief historical introduction of modern Chinese nationalism which tends to create a monolithic, Han-dominant Chinese identity. This vision of Chinese nation stimulates non-Han minorities, in this case the Sino-Muslims or Hui, to respond by emphasizing their collective identity and reconsidering their status and relations with other ethnic groups within the Chinese community. Among them, the tension between Hui and Han is of great significance. It is evident in the frequently occurred blasphemous cases, especially those related to pork taboo, which Muslims are bound to the religious dietary law that restricted any pork consumption. The long-lasting Hui-Han tension reflected in the issue of pork taboo were further enhanced by the emerging print media such as newspaper, periodicals and magazines during the early years of Republican era. On the basis of these premises, this article attempts to show that the Sino-Muslim elites are not only criticizing the blasphemous account and clarifying the dietary taboo or customs of the Muslims, but also expressing concern about their status and future as a whole in the nation building process of modern China.