從禮儀、文書與華夷觀點論烏思藏與明朝關係

On the Relationship between Dbus Gtsang and the Ming Dynasty from the Perspectives of Etiquette, Documents and Hua-Yi(華夷) of View

關於烏思藏與明朝之關係，中國學界主流觀點與其他學界之觀點一直爭論不休。前者多視其屬於明朝版圖。後者則往往反對此觀點。本文試著從禮儀、往來文書與當時明朝士人對烏思藏的華夷觀點等方面，來討論烏思藏與明朝之關係。而在經過這各方面分別的考察與分析後，本文認為烏思藏並非明朝版圖之一，明朝對於烏思藏的設立武衛與敕封王號等舉動，是一種羈縻政策，不代表將烏思藏納入版圖之內。而烏思藏對於明朝而言，應該與屬國的地位類似。

Regarding the relationship between Dbus Gtsang and the Ming Dynasty, there has been an endless debate between the mainstream views of Chinese academic circles and the views of other academic circles. The former mostly regarded it as belonging to the territory of the Ming Dynasty. The latter tend to oppose this view. This article attempts to discuss the relationship between Dbus Gtsang and the Ming Dynasty from the aspects of etiquette, correspondence, and the Hua-Yi views of Dbus Gtsang by Ming scholars at that time. After various aspects of investigation and analysis, this article believes that Dbus Gtsang is not part of the Ming Dynasty's territory. The Ming Dynasty's actions such as establishing Wu-wei (武衛) and conferring royal titles on Dbus Gtsang were a mollification (jimi羈縻) policy and did not represent Bring Dbus Gtsang into the territory. For the Ming Dynasty, Dbus Gtsang should have a status similar to that of a vassal state.