權力距離在教育領導領域的發展與實踐

The Development and Practice of Power Distance in the Field of Educational Leadership

本研究探討了權力距離在教育領導中的理論發展與實踐應用。權力距離係指社會或組織中成員對於權力不平等分配的接受程度，在教育領域，高權力距離文化下，決策權集中於上層，教師與學生對權威高度服從；在低權力距離文化中，強調平等與合作，教師與學生能夠更加積極參與決策。而權力距離的相關理論包括新社會經濟學理論、不確定性減少理論、優勢互補理論、價值一致理論和社會交換理論，可協助理解權力如何在教育組織中運作。綜整相關研究後可知，透過權力距離的調整，可以提升教育管理的成效、增強教師與學生的滿意度。最終於結論中指出，權力距離對教育領導成效的影響多元，領導者應根據具體情境進行權力距離的調整，以平衡決策效率、創新能力、師生關係和教育品質間的關係。也建議未來研究應進一步探討權力距離在不同文化背景和教育情境中的具體影響，並提出改善建議，為教育領導的發展提供更全面和深入的支持。

This study explores power distance’s theoretical development and practical application in educational leadership. Power distance refers to the extent to which members of a society or organization accept the un¬equal distribution of power. In education, in a high power distance cul¬ture, decision-making authority is concentrated at the top, with teachers and students highly compliant with authority. In contrast, in a low power distance culture, emphasis is placed on equality and collaboration, allow¬ing teachers and students to participate more actively in decision-making. Theories related to power distance, including the new socio-economics theory, uncertainty reduction theory, complementarity theory, value con¬gruence theory, and social exchange theory, help understand how power operates in educational organization. A review of related studies reveals that adjusting power distance can enhance the effectiveness of educa¬tional management and increase teacher and student satisfaction. The conclusion points out that the impact of power distance on educational leadership effectiveness is multifaceted, and leaders should adjust power distance according to specific contexts to balance decision-making ef-ficiency, innovation capability, teacher-student relationships, and educa¬tional quality. Future research should further explore the specific impacts of power distance in different cultural backgrounds and educational set¬tings and propose improvement measures and recommendations to pro¬vide more comprehensive and in-depth support for educational leader¬ship.