再論行政處罰決定公開：性質、邏輯與方式

Publicizing Administrative Penalty Decisions in China: Nature, Logic and Approach

行政處罰決定公開的法律性質既非作為法律行為的行政處罰、行政強制執行或作為事實行為的公共警告，也不分屬多種行為或是數行為之混合，而是作為事實行為的政府信息公開行為。公開處罰決定不侵犯受罰者隱私或聲譽權益，不應以不公開為原則或以社會影響決定公開與否，而應依據《政府信息公開條例》遵循以公開為原則、不公開為例外的規範邏輯。即使是可以公開的處罰決定，由於涉及非私密、非敏感的個人信息，公開行為同時構成個人信息處理行為，應以履行信息公開法定職責所必需為限，實名公開不是履行信息公開職責的合比例手段，恰當方式是在消除受罰自然人和受罰非自然人相關自然人直接標識符後隱名公開。

The accurate categorization of the disclosure of administrative punishment decisions is neither an administrative punishment as a legal act, an administrative compulsory enforcement or a public warning as a factual act, nor is it a mixture of multiple acts or several acts, but an act of disclosure of government information as a real act. Disclosure of punishment decisions does not infringe upon the privacy or reputational rights and interests of the punished person, and should not be based on the principle of non -disclosure or be dependent on social impact to determine whether or not to make it public. Rather, it should be publicized in principle, according to the Open Government Information Regulations. Even if a penalty decision can be made public, because it involves non - private and non - sensitive personal information, and the act of disclosure also constitutes an act of personal information processing, it should be limited to what is necessary to perform the statutory duties of information disclosure. This means that real-name disclosure is not a proportionate means to perform the duties of information disclosure. A more proper way is de-idenfied disclosure by eliminating the direct identifier of the subject punished.