迷失菩提的當代詮釋──第六世達賴喇嘛倉央嘉措文學化傳記的漢地傳播

A Contemporary Interpretation of the Lost Bodhi: The Transmission of the Literary Biography of the Sixth Dalai Lama Cang Yang Gyatso in China

三百年前的轉世活佛第六世達賴喇嘛倉央嘉措（1683-1706？），因違反格魯派禁止接近女色的規定而留下叛逆的形象，官方也因此極少記載他的個人事蹟或宗教影響。然而2006年青藏鐵路開通後，他的「情詩」開始在漢地廣為流傳，連帶的出版市場也出現眾多關於他的個人「傳記」，從散文、小說到揭密等各種類別皆有之。一般記述宗教人物的「聖傳」或「宗教傳記」，皆是突出人物的神異或超常之處，但漢地關於倉央嘉措的文學化傳記卻是特意彰顯人的情愛。這樣的寫作方向，既有轉世活佛的神話色彩，也蘊含寫實的人生情態，且在佛教本質上的覺醒觀念與官方刻意彰顯的理性啟蒙間，構顯成當代重新詮釋藏傳佛教思想的信仰內涵，並以此宗教的「社會再生產」呈顯新的時代趨向。

The sixth Dalai Lama Cangyang Gyatso（1683-1706?）, the reincarnated living Buddha three hundred years ago, left a rebellious image for violating the Gelugpa’s doctrine of prohibiting approaching woman, and his personal story or religious influence was rarely recorded. However, after the opening of line of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway in 2006, his“love poems”began to be widely circulated in China, and along with them, numerous personal“biographies”about him appeared in the publishing market, ranging from essays and novels to exposés. While the“holy biographies”or“religious biographies”of religious figures generally highlight the divine or extraordinary aspects of the characters, the literary biographies of Cang Yang Gyatso in China deliberately demonstrate the human desire for love. Bearing the mythological color of reincarnated living Buddha and containing the mood of realistic life, such a direction of writing constitutes a contemporary reinterpretation of the faith connotation of Tibetan Buddhist thought between the awakening concept of Buddhism in its essence and the rational enlightenment deliberately manifested by the government, and presents a new trend of the times through the "social reproduction" of this religion.