憑虛閣李氏《清閨博物志》之著述及新女性知識分子的誕生

Author of CheongGyuBakMulGi(淸閨博物志 ) of Bingheogak Lee(憑虛閣李氏 ) and birth of a new woman Intellectuals

本文就目前僅知存在與否而未被具體研究的憑虛閣李氏之《清閨博物志》，考察其手抄本的性格與抄寫者、體例及敘述特徵、著述動機、憑虛閣李氏與《清閨博物志》的地位等。目前唯一發現的東京大學小倉文庫藏《清閨博物志》（手抄本），應非經過作者校正的定本。小倉文庫藏本的抄寫者為憑虛閣李氏之從妹，而序文由其內從妹所寫。由年齡或筆墨活動觀之，內從妹較可能為師朱堂李氏的兩名女兒其中一人。從妹與內從妹是否為同一人，將留待日後進一步考證。《清閨博物志》的體例，受到中國與朝鮮幾部代表性類書的影響，同時憑虛閣李氏亦以博物志作者參與知識的積累。十九世紀後，學習在制度層面、慣例層面上歸屬於「男性的知識」、「男性專屬品」的學問，再以自身語言重新演繹的新女性知識分子、新女性作家開始出現。憑虛閣李氏在著述《閨閤叢書》時，將女性在家庭生活中的諸般事件予以分類、系統化，使之轉化為專業知識的範疇之一。而其所著述之《清閨博物志》，更使朝鮮後期女性的知識生產與共享超越了家庭生活與子女教育等實用領域，進而擴大至形而上的、虛構的層次。憑虛閣李氏強調的，不是再生產性理學規範的知識，而是博物志類的知識，而為了與其他女性共享此知識，選擇以女性的語言──諺文重新撰寫。憑虛閣李氏的《清閨博物志》，展現了過去女性著作中不曾出現的新的內容與形式，是朝鮮後期女性知識格局開始產生巨大轉變的標誌，也是新的女性著述活動、新女性知識分子誕生的標誌。

CheongGyuBakMulGi(淸閨博物志) by Bingheogak Lee(憑虛閣 李氏) is located in Ogura Bunko, Tokyo University. The transcribed book made up of 4 volumes has been considered the only female writing of the many encyclopedias(類書) until now. CheongGyuBakMulGi has never been studied domestically, if any, the fact of existence or nonexistence. So, in this paper I was trying to establish a transcriber, composition, characteristics, and motivation of the book, etc. It is more likely for the only copy not to be the complete work, considering the composition, and contents. That is, we could infer that a female younger cousin of her, or more specifically, one of the three daughters from her uncle named Yoo Hangyu(柳漢奎) and Sajudang Lee(師朱堂 李氏) would be a possible transcriber, given her age and literary activity. It seems that there were many great female writers in her family. Bingheogak Lee picked out all related material from books Seo Yoobon(徐有本), her husband, and his family had possessed. And then she organized the book referring to the existing example, especially Yemunyuchwi(藝文類聚). The book was written in various ways. She sometimes expressed her opinion either overtly or covertly and even created new article of Sinjeung(新增) to arrange new information she discovered. To provide chances for education access to marginalized women, she marked the pronunciation of Chinese characters or annotated the chinese classics in Korean. CheongGyuBakMulGi was written based on Gyuhapchongseo(閨閤叢書). However, the former covers a broad spectrum such as astronomy and geography, in turn, which caused women in the late Joseon dynasty to feel a thirst for knowledge. Women in noble families including Kang Jeongildang(姜靜一堂) and Im Yunjidang(任允摯堂) pursued knowledge within a very limited range. The knowledge she was willing to construct was different from that of above mentioned women. We came to confirm the fact that the range of knowledge female intellectual in that period pursued was being expanded beyond the area of housework or childcare.