兒童與青少年的寂寞及其相關因素之分析

本研究旨在探討兒童和青少年的同儕寂寞與親子間的寂寞，並進而比較分析不同人際關係、社會地位及性別角色的兒童和青少年之同儕寂寞與親子間寂寞的差異。 本研究以國民小學三至六年級和國民中學一至三年級，共七班學生為研究對象，利用「寂寞量表」、「性別角色量表」及「基本資料調查表」等為研究工具，進行調查研究，結果得到下列幾項發現： （一）兒童和青少年的同儕寂寞，因其年齡之不同而有差異，而親子間的寂寞，則因其年齡與性別之不同而有差異。 （二）兒童和青少年的寂寞，因其人際關係之不同而有差異，其中「受歡迎組」的兒童和青少年，較少感到同儕寂寞和親子間寂寞，而「被拒絕組」的兒童和青少年，則最感寂寞。 （三）兒童和青少年的寂寞，因其選第一忍藉人物之不同而有差異。 （四）青少年的寂寞，因其性別角色之不同而有差異，其中「兩性化者」較少感到同儕寂寞與親子間的寂寞，而「女性化者」則較有同儕寂寞，「男性化者」則較有親子間的寂寞。

The purpose of this study was to explored the peer-related long-liness and the parent-related loneliness in children and young adolescents and to analyze further whether the differences in loneliness involving peers and parents are correlated with the differences in interpersonal relationships， social status， sex-role of children and young adolescents The subjects of this study were seven classes of students sampled from the third through the sixth grade of elementary school and the first through the third grade of junior high school. the subjects were tested with the instruments including Loneliness Scale， Sex-Role inventory and Basic Data Questionnaire. The results of this study are stated as follow: 1. The peer-related loneliness in children and young adolescents differs according to age while the parent-related loneliness differs according to age and sex. 2. The loneliness in children and young adolescents differs according to their interpersonal relationships. In the popular-group， they have less peer-related loneliness and parent-related loneliness， but in the rejected-group， they have much more loneliness. 3. The loneliness in children and young adolescents differs according to their selected first-comfort figures. 4. The loneliness in young adolescents differs according to sex-role. In the androgynous， there has less peer-related loneliness and parentre-lated loneliness， but in the feminine， there has more peer- related loneliness， whereas in masculine， there has more parent-related loneliness.