梁啟超家庭講學考述

A Research on Liang Qichao's Family Lecture Activities

本文根據新發現的梁啟超資料，著力鉤稽梁氏兩次為子女集中講學的情況。除考述所講內容，更將其置於梁本人的學思脈絡中，探求其深層意涵。梁啟超1909至1910年日本時期的授課以辭章之學為主，意在培植女兒梁思順的國學根基，用以守護自國文化，抵抗外在強大的日語環境。1918年夏季的講授內容則可分為「學術流別」與《孟子》兩部分。前者留下了〈前清一代學術備忘錄〉手稿，實為1920年代梁啟超寫作《清代學術概論》與《中國近三百年學術史》的先期預備；後者存有〈讀《孟子》記〉，其論述亦與1920-1921年梁啟超在清華學校演講「國學小史」相涉。由此可知，梁氏的家庭講學受益者不僅是兒曹，更擴展而沾溉學界。

Based on the recently discovered manuscripts of Liang Qichao, this essay focuses on a reconstruction of Liang's two lectures in his family circle. Besides the exploration of the contents of the lectures, I will also discuss the deep significant of the lectures by embedding them into the context of Liang's intelligent development. The first lecture took place in Japan between 1909 and 1910, where Liang taught his daughter Liang Sishun the Chinese writing and rhetoric. In order to resist the powerful influence of the Japanese language and cultural environment, Liang intended to make his daughter familiar with traditional Chinese intellectual resources. The second lecture took place in summer 1918, whose content consists in two parts: one of them was focusing on “academic schools” and the other was dealing with Mencius. The manuscripts of them were both saved. In my opinion, the former titled Notes on the Learning of Qing Dynasty(〈前清一代學術備忘錄〉) could be regarded as a preparation of Liang's two famous works written in 1920s, i.e. Introduction to the Learning of Qing Dynasty (《清代學術概論》)and The History of Chinese Learning in Recent Three Hundred Years (《中國近三百年學術史》); while the latter titled Review on Mencius (〈讀《孟子》記〉) has also contributed a lot to Liang's public lecture on “A Brief History of National Learning” which took subsequently at Tsinghua School in 1920 and 1921. The reach of the influence of these lectures was thus far beyond Liang's family circle; even the intellectual public has benefited a lot from them later.