王維「輞川莊」與「終南別業」現地研究

An On-site Study of Wang Wei's Wangchan Resort and Zhongnan Villa

唐代詩人王維在今陝西省藍田縣輞川有兩所莊園：一所位於輞水切割終南山而出的谷口，稱為「終南別業」，約於天寶初年為母親而買，母親死後，王維決定捨宅為寺，在唐肅宗時上表陳情，完成心願；一所鄰近輞水注入灞河的輞口，稱為「輞川莊」，約於天寶十一載至天寶十三年之間購買，王維死後，捨為「清源寺」。
「終南別業」與「輞川莊」都是唐詩研究的重要地點。古今學者，有人誤以兩個莊園為一處，兩次捨宅為一次，有人雖主張兩個莊園不同，而不能道其詳。
本文使用「唐詩現地研究法」，除以輞川現場的地形景物，印證王維本人詩文的指述外，並取同時代詩篇和相關文獻為旁證，重現了兩所莊園的位置、特徵及居住史。這項研究，將有助於重建王維輞川詩的正確詮釋，重新發現真正的王維輞川生活與詩學之美。

Tang poet Wang Wei had two manors in today's Wangchuan, Lantian county, Shaanxi province. One was Zhongnan Villa (Zhongnan bieyie) which was located at the mouth of valley where Wang creek cut through Zhongnan mountain. Wang Wei bought it for his mother in the early years of Tianbao. He submitted a memorial to Emperor Suzongdonated to complete its donation as Qingyuan temple after his mother's death. The other, by the name of Wangchan Resort (Wangchuan zhuang), was situated in the neighbor of Wangkou where Wang creek flowed into Ba river, which he bought between the eleventh and thirteenth years of Tianbao.
Both Zhongnan Villa and Wangchuan Resort are important sites for studying Tang poetry. Among scholars past and present, some mistook the two manors to be the same one, and the two times of donation as only once, the others pointed out that they are separate but did not go to details.
In this paper On-site Studies method is applied. In addition to matching what Wang Wei described in his poems and essays with what was found in the topography and scene in Wangchuan, I reconstructed the locations, characteristics, and accommodation history of the two manors also with poems and documents by other authors of the same period. This research will leads to a better interpretation of Wang Weis's Wangchan poetry, and to a better understanding of the beauty of Wang Wei's life and poetics in Wangchuan.