酬鬼競豪奢：日治時期《詩報》中盂蘭盆詩作初探

Rewarding Ghosts and Competing Extravagance: A Preliminary Study of Ullambana Poetry during the Japanese Colonial Period From ''Poetry News''

七月十五，在佛教稱為盂蘭盆節，在道教則稱為中元節。此二節日在臺灣，由清領到日治時期，皆可見二教融合之狀況。臺灣之盂蘭盆節有「鋪張浪費」的特色，清領時期曾為官員禁制，然未見明顯之成效。日治時期，盂蘭盆風俗再次被政府要求改革，並獲得顯著之轉變。《詩報》當中，有以「盂蘭盆會」及「盂蘭盆改革」為題之詩作，共計58首，可充分反應盂蘭盆節在日治時期之特色。由諸作中可發現，盂蘭盆節遭到改革的因素，除了鋪張問題，尚有迷信、衛生兩大問題遭到詬病。而改革盂蘭盆背後之思想，又可歸納為：科學進步的新時代無鬼論、傳統儒家之社會關懷精神，以及皇民化運動下的愛國思想，此三種思想，為盂蘭會革建立合理的改革基礎，也反映日治時期，詩人對於盂蘭盆節之觀點。

The 15th day of the seventh lunar month is known in Buddhism as Ullambana and in Taoism as the Ghost Festival. From the Qing Dynasty to the Japanese Colonial Period, the integration of these two religions has been apparent in Taiwan. The Ullambana Festival in Taiwan is characterized by ''wastefulness'' and was prohibited during the Qing Dynasty, but there were no significant consequences. During the Japanese colonial period, the government once again demanded reform of Ullambana customs, and significant changes were implemented. Poetry News published a total of fifty-eight poems with the titles ''Ullambana Festival'' and ''Ullambana Reform'' that completely reflected the characteristics of the Ullambana Festival during the Japanese colonial period. From these works, it is evident that the Ullambana Festival was reformed by factors other than the issue of waste; superstition and hygiene were criticized as significant issues. The reform of Ullambana was motivated by the following ideas: a new era of scientific progress without ghosts, the traditional Confucian spirit of social care, and the patriotic ideas of Japanization. These three concepts provided a reasonable foundation for reforming the Ullambana festival and reflected poets' perspectives on the Ullambana festival during the Japanese colonial period.