個人記事與時代印記：以熊式輝的日記、自傳及回憶錄為例

Personal Writings during a Great Era: A Case Study of Hsiung Shih-hui’s Diaries, Autobiography and Memoirs

本文利用熊式輝（1893–1974）存世的日記、自傳和回憶錄這三種文本，配合其他相關史料，檢視個人經驗如何呈現其時代印記的現實問題。熊式輝的日記始自1930年1月10日，寫到他逝世前一天1974年1月20日；缺記部分集中在1937年之前，1938年之後的記事大致完整。他在1947年8月自東北行轅主任免職之後，整理日記，撰寫回憶錄，記錄他參與晚清革命到國共鬥爭的經驗。此外，他也在1959至1960年間因辦理退役手續而留下一篇簡要的自傳。作為民國軍政事務的一項「社會記憶」素材，熊式輝資料為研究者提供了後續進行分析的基礎。

This article uses Hsiung Shih-hui’s熊式輝(1893–1974) diaries, autobiography, memoirs, and other relevant historical materials to examine the reality of personal experience in his times. Hsiung’s surviving diaries begin on January 10, 1930, and conclude on January 20, 1974, the day before his death, with the majority of missing records being concentrated before 1937 and those after 1938 being almost complete. After being removed from his position at the Northeast Mobile Barracks of the High Command行轅in August 1947, Hsiung organized his diaries and wrote his memoirs, which record his experiences from the revolution in the late Qing dynasty to the struggle between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party. In addition, he penned an autobiography as a part of his retirement application from 1959 to 1960. As a form of“social memory”material, the texts produced by Hsiung have provided a basis from which to research the military and political figures of the Republic of China.