北大漢簡〈節〉的兵陰陽思想探析

Yin-Yang Martial Thought within“Jie”節in the Peking University Han Bamboo Slips

關於北大漢簡〈節〉的思想屬性，有學者認為是一篇雜揉陰陽時令與行軍作戰法則的陰陽時令之類文獻。有別於前人的看法，本文認為，〈節〉是繼銀雀山《地典》出土後的另一篇重要兵陰陽文獻。然由於整理者的編聯方式未能契合竹簡文義，以致於無法具體呈現〈節〉的兵陰陽思想要義。有鑑於此，本文的目的有三：第一，依據相關學者意見重新排列竹簡順序。第二，全面分析〈節〉的思想內容與理論結構，具體勾勒出〈節〉思想的系統性架構。第三，說明〈節〉可判定為兵陰陽文獻的理由與依據。具體而言，本文從以下三個方面重新審視〈節〉的思想屬性：第一，從整體性的角度反思〈節〉的思想要旨與寫作目的；第二，將之與相關的兵陰陽文獻進行比對研究；第三，從《漢書》〈藝文志〉所述兵陰陽思想之特徵審視〈節〉的思想屬性。依據上述研究，本文指出，〈節〉是一篇「理」（陰陽理論）、「術」（軍事數術）並重的兵陰陽文獻，而非僅是一篇雜揉陰陽時令與行軍作戰法則的陰陽時令之類文獻。

The thought of“Jie”節in the Peking University Han bamboo slips has been classified as a manuscript of yin-yang“shiling”時令(“edicts concerned with the seasons”or“seasonal ordinances”) that concerns the theory of yin-yang“shiling”itself and martial rationale. Differing from previous research, the present paper argues that“Jie”, following the earlier excavated Didian地典from Yinqueshan, is an essential unearthed yin-yang martial text. The central yin-yang martial thought of“Jie”, however, remains unclear due to the incongruence between the collation and the contents of the slips. As such, this paper aims to accomplish the following: first, a re-arrangement of the slips concerning“Jie”which draws on the points of view of related researchers; second, an overall analysis of the contents and structure of“Jie”so as to establish a systematic structure of the thought therein; and third, argumentations that substantiate the classification of“Jie”as a yin-yang martial text. This paper approaches this reexamination of the characteristics of the thought of“Jie”in three ways: first, presenting an overall reflection on the central thought of and purpose behind composing“Jie”; second, comparing“Jie”to related yin-yang martial texts; and third, scrutinizing the thought of“Jie”based on the characteristics of the yin-yang martial thought within“Yiwen zhi”藝文志(“Treatise on Literature”) in Hanshu漢書(Book of Han). Based on the above research, this paper concludes that“Jie”is a ying-yang martial text which emphasizes both theory理, namely theories of yin-yang, and divination術, namely divination practices used in determining military encounters, thereby being a text beyond just yin-yang“shiling”theories and a martial rationale.