《六韜》學派傾向與思想體系新詮──基於出土本與傳世本的綜合研究

A New Interpretation of the School and Ideological System of Liutao六韜: Comprehensive Approach Based on Passed Down and Unearthed Versions

《六韜》作為先秦時期重要的兵學文獻，體量龐大，內容豐富。其思想傾向和學派歸屬歷來爭論不斷，代表有兵家說、儒家說、黃老說等。通過對《六韜》相關傳世和出土文本的全面梳理，可以發現《六韜》與馬王堆帛書有較強的關聯，內部具有一貫性、諧和性，但又與馬王堆帛書反映的黃老思想有所差別。《六韜》的思想體系並不囿於傳統學派框架內的某一家、某一派，而是突出地貫通了子學議題與兵學議題，黃老思想與兵學理論互為體用，在體裁形式和兵學理論上均有創造性的發揮，是過去思想史研究常忽視的重要資料。

As an important piece of military literature in the pre-Qin period, Liutao六韜(Six Secret Strategic Teachings) is characterized by its size and rich contents. Its ideological tendency and school of thought, however, have been regarded as representing the Military School, Confucianism, and Hunag-Lao thought, thereby always being contentious. Through a comprehensive review of relevant passed down versions and unearthed texts of Liutao, it can be found that Liutao is related to the Mawangdui silk texts. The thoughts throughout their respective texts are largely consistent, but there are some differences with the Huang-Lao thought reflected in the Mawangdui silk texts. The ideological system of Liutao is not limited to a certain school, but rather integrates Huang-Lao thought and military theory; moreover, it has creative viewpoints in terms of literary style and military theory, all in all positioning it as an important piece of literature often overlooked in the study of ideological history in the past.