伊尹良臣形象的建構及其意義──以清華簡的討論核心

The Construction and Significance of the Image of Yi Yin as a“Good Minister”: Focusing on Discussions of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips

「伊尹」，在傳世文獻與出土文獻的書寫下，除了在政治領域的形象之外，也呈現了許多有趣的面向，諸如神怪與食飲的經歷等。然而，我們應當深入探討的課題，當可聚焦於政治實踐過程中的「良臣」形象。因為伊尹在古代政治史所呈現的風貌，反映了中國文化的早熟傾向，尤其探討政治活動中的權力關係之互動、變化，實為古代史的重要課題。以下本文將就伊尹「良臣」形象進行探討，以說明其可能的意義。首先，本文針對書寫伊尹的時代權力特徵進行分析，以釐清相關文獻書寫時的社會基礎，尤其是結構轉變之際，其前後階段的意識差異。其次，則透過清華簡中伊尹敘述與傳世文獻的比較，說明伊尹良臣形象的建構模式。最後，從思想史的綜觀視角，指出伊尹良臣形象建構的可能意義。

In both passed down documents and excavated texts, Yi Yin伊尹(?-?) is not only portrayed as a political figure, but also depicted in various remarkable contexts such as experiences tied to spirits and demons as well as diet and nourishment. However, what warrants an in-depth investigation is his image as a“good minister”within the processes of political practices, for the representation of Yi Yin in ancient political history reflects the early maturity of Chinese culture and power dynamics in political activities, a key subject in ancient history. The present article analyzes the“good minister”image of Yi Yin to elucidate its plausible meanings. First, this article examines the power characteristics of the era in which Yi Yin was written to explicate the social contexts surrounding the related documents at the time of their writing, especially the differences in ideologies between stages during structural transitions. Second, by comparing narratives regarding Yi Yin in the Tsinghua bamboo slips with those in ancient documents that have been passed down, this article illustrates the model from which Yi Yin’s image as a“good minister”was constructed. Last, from a comprehensive perspective of intellectual history, the plausible implications and significance of the construction of Yi Yin’s image as a“good minister”are indicated.