論清華簡《攝命》「伯攝」的身分及相關問題

The Identity of Boshe伯攝and Related Issues in Sheming攝命of the Tsinghua Bamboo Slips

清華簡《攝命》是一篇《尚書》類的文獻，簡文中「伯攝」的身分一直是學界關注的焦點，目前以「夷王燮」及穆王時期的「伯臩（冏）」二為主流意見。本文根據伯攝的「王子」身分，贊同伯攝就是後來的「夷王燮」。其次，從制度面來看，伯攝有可能不是王位繼承人，但是從周王對他的稱謂以及歷史背景來看，又透露出視他為太子的訊息。本節還根據簡32冊命文例中「士疌右伯攝」一句比對西周金文，從而對《攝命》的底本年代或是故事背景為孝王時期提供證據，並對文中「士」的身分進行討論。第三，認為簡1「劼姪毖攝」的「姪」不能釋為姪子，並對「劼姪毖」的釋讀提出看法。第四，學者認為「臩」與「攝」有字形演變關係，從而認為「伯攝」跟「伯臩（冏）」為一人，《攝命》即《尚書》〈冏命〉。本文認為這些看法不能成立，《攝命》當屬「逸書」，性質與《尹至》、《保訓》、《厚父》、《封許之命》相同。

The identity of“Boshe”伯攝within Sheming攝命in the Tsinghua bamboo slips, a document under the literary category of Shangshu尚書, has long been the focus of attention in related academic circles. At present, two mainstream theories, namely“Bojiong”伯臩（冏）during the reign of King Mu of Zhou周穆王and King Yi of Zhou周夷王燮, dominate discourses on the matter of his identity. To begin, based on Boshe’s status as a“prince”王子, the present article agrees that Boshe is the later King Yi of Zhou. Secondly, from an institutional perspective, Boshe was likely not the heir to the throne, but considering the appellation given to him by the king of Zhou and the historical background of the Zhou dynasty, it has been revealed that he was regarded as a prince. This article then compares Western Zhou bronze inscriptions with the line“shi yi you Boshe”士疌右伯攝in bamboo slip no. 32 concerning ceming冊命(record of appointment) to provide evidence for when Sheming was originally produced and the background of the story for the reign of King Xiao of Zhou周孝王, as well as discussing the identity of“shi”士therein. Thirdly, this article argues that the character“zhi”姪from“jie zhi bi she”劼姪毖攝in slip no. 1 should not be interpreted as“zhizi”姪子(nephew) and then puts forward new opinions on the interpretation of the line. Fourthly, scholars believe that the characters“jiong”臩and“she”攝share an evolutionary relationship, thereby maintaining that Boshe and Bojiong are the same person and that Sheming is“Jiongming”冏命of Shangshu. But this article indicates that these views cannot be established and that Sheming is likely a long-lost text, the same in nature as“Yin zhi”尹至,“Bao xun”保訓,“Hou fu”厚父, and“Feng xu zhi ming”封許之命.