2022年民事程序法發展回顧：以最高法院民事大法庭裁定及可供研究之裁判為對象

Developments in the Civil Procedural Law in 2022: Focusing on the Rulings of the Civil Grand Chamber in the Supreme Court and Decisions of Research Importance

最高法院自2019年7月4日建置大法庭以來至2022年12月31日止，民事大法庭陸續宣示裁定，有助於法律見解之統一。2022年最高法院大法庭宣示裁定認為，最高限額抵押權之債權人，持拍賣抵押物裁定為執行名義，聲請強制執行，其取得執行名義所憑之債權，經法院判決確認不存在確定，倘執行法院就其提出之其他債權證明文件，依形式審查結果，足認尚有其他已屆清償期之擔保債權存在時，即不得依債務人之聲明異議，駁回強制執行之聲請，此見解有助於最高限額抵押權之實現；關於裁判宣告終止收養關係事件，本於立法旨趣，肯認為家事非訟事件，並應依個別事件之特性交錯適用訴訟法理而為審理，此見解有助於釐清立法與司法權限之界線。此外，最高法院另公布有可供研究之民事裁判，涉及外國仲裁判斷之界定與撤銷仲裁判斷之訴的關係、不起訴協議之效力、意定訴訟擔當之合法性、家事程序第二審反請求之抗告法院、扶養請求事件相對人死亡之程序承受，以及未成年子女之意見陳述權等重要議題，本文亦一併予以評論分析。

From its establishment in the Supreme Court on July 4, 2019 until December 31, 2022, the Civil Grand Chamber has consistently delivered multiple rulings and has contributed significantly to the harmonization of legal opinions. One of its rulings in 2022 holds that, for the creditors of a line-of-credit mortgage, when they petition for a compulsory enforcement on the mortgaged property with an auction ruling, the executive court shall not overrule their petition if, after a procedural review based on the debt documents or relating evidences the creditor provided, the enforcement court finds other mature debts to be within the scope of secure under the alleged line-of-credit mortgage. The case is so even when the debtors object that the alleged debt is confirmed of its non-existence by a final and binding decision. This opinion facilitates the realization of line-of-credit mortgages. In terms of the declaration of the termination of an adoptive relation, the Civil Grand Chamber on the ground of the legislative intention rules that it falls in the category of non-litigation procedures and that the court should case by case adopt the principles of litigation procedures when adjudicating such matters. This opinion helps defining the boundary between the legislative and the judiciary power. In addition, the Supreme Court announced several decisions of research importance, including the definition of foreign arbitrations, the effect of the covenant not-to- sue, representative action, the jurisdiction of appeal concerning the counterclaims in the second instance of family proceedings, the assumption of litigation resulting from the other party’s death in maintenance matters, and the right of child to be heard in the proceedings. This essay is also going to comment on and analyze these important decisions.