2022年民事法發展回顧

A Retrospective of the Development of the Civil Law in 20

2021年底至2023年初，民事實體法在民法總則之發展，於慰撫金之議題上，可以發現近年之學說與實務見解，有寬認物受不法侵害之被害人，得就其非財產上損害請求慰撫金之趨勢；在消滅時效之議題上，則重申已登記不動產之物上請求權，並不適用民法第125條消滅時效之規定，只是所謂已登記之不動產，應以依我國法辦理登記之不動產為限。就債編之發展，關於契約自由原則之限制，立法與司法分別著重於平均地權條例之修正以及強制締約制度之肯認；關於強制道歉案，則明確變更司法院釋字第656號解釋，認為民法第195條第1項後段所稱之適當處分，應不包括法院以判決命加害人道歉之情形。就親屬編之發展，則聚焦於同性婚姻之議題，包括：刪除司法院釋字第七四八號解釋施行法第3條第2項、第9條第2項與第16條第1項但書，使其與民法結婚與離婚之相關規定能夠一致；除我國與大陸相同性別人民外，縱然涉外同性婚姻中非屬我國籍者，其本國法不承認同性婚姻，但司法判決與行政實務均已承認該涉外同性婚姻之效力；修正司法院釋字第七四八號解釋施行法第20條，使同性婚姻雙方當事人之一方，收養他方之親生子女或養子女，抑或雙方共同收養第三人之子女，均得準用民法關於收養之規定。

Concerning the development of the civil law from the end of 2021 to the beginning of 2023, in terms of the General Principles of the Civil Code, for the issue of damages for pain and suffering, it can be noted that scholars and courts in recent years have tended to recognize that victims of the unlawful infringement on their property can be compensated for their non-pecuniary damages. Regarding the issue of the extinctive prescription, it has been reiterated that the right of claim on registered real property is not subject to the statute of limitations provided in Article 125 of the Civil Code. Nevertheless, only when real property is registered in accordance with our country’s law will the right of claim on it not be subject to Article 125 of the Civil Code. In terms of the development of the part of Obligations, concerning the limitation of the freedom of contract, legislation and judiciary focus on the amendment of The Equalization of Land Rights Act and the recognition of obligation to contract system respectively. As for the case of compulsory apology, the J.Y. Interpretation No. 656 is clearly revised. It is now considered that the“proper measures”under Article 195, Paragraph 1, Second Sentence of the Civil Code should not include the situation where the court orders the defendant to apologize through a judgment. In terms of the development of the part of Family, the issue of same-sex marriage is highlighted, which includes the following three aspects. First, Article 3, Paragraph 2, Article 9, Paragraph 2 and the proviso of Article 16, Paragraph 1 of the Act for Implementation of J.Y. Interpretation No. 748 are repealed, making them consistent with the provisions of conclusion of marriage and divorce in the Civil Code. Second, both judicial rulings and administrative practices have recognized the validity of same-sex marriages between our citizens and foreigners even though the national law of foreigners does not recognize same-sex marriages, while the same-sex marriage between our citizens and people from People's Republic of China is an exception. Third, Article 20 of the Act for Implementation of J.Y. Interpretation No. 748 is amended, and thus the provisions of the Civil Code concerning adoption can apply mutatis mutandis if one party of the same-sex marriage adopts the genetic or adopted child of the other party, or both parties of the same-sex marriage co-adopt the genetic child of third party.