建構主義典範在遊戲治療研究的實踐與省思：以多元文化諮商議題為例

The Practice and Reflection of Constructivism Paradigm in Play Therapy Research

目前有些遊戲治療的質性研究僅從方法論的層次著手，或僅從資料蒐集方法來界定質化研究，以致研究歷程可能出現方法學與研究實務脫鉤的缺失。解決之道應從科學哲學的層次著手，釐清研究典範的意涵，再據此進行研究設計、資料蒐集與分析。為了協助初次從事遊戲治療的質性研究者，本文首先簡介研究典範的分類，並以建構主義典範在多元文化議題的遊戲治療研究為例，分享筆者實踐建構主義科學哲學理念的歷程與策略：首先，透過本體論、知識論、價值觀、報告書寫等層面說明研究的設計立場；其次，透過資料蒐集與分析的執行，實踐社會建構的知識生產之可能策略；再者，透過真實性效度檢核，檢視受訪者與作者在研究議題上的專業提升狀況；最後，再從社會建構的角度進行討論與詮釋。

This essay purposely illustrates the suitability and implementation in constructivism for a multicultural play therapy research. As a researcher, one should be familiar with the science philosophy of one's own works. That is, one who engages in the qualitative research should first choose the suitable paradigm as the basis for his research design, data collection and analysis. If one doesn't follow the steps but directly take places in the selection of research methods, or define qualitative research by the methods related data collection, the researcher may not catch the essentials of qualitative research. This essay will introduce the typologies of science research paradigms at the beginning, and then describe the rationales and the methods used when practicing constructivism. Next, taking the first author's former research works as examples for providing the ways in which the author practice his studies based on constructivism, including his stance and the stages for research-design related to ontology, epistemology, axiology, and rhetorical structure. By examining the authenticity validity of this work, the author found that the profession of the interviewees and the author himself has increased. The author discusses the results from the perspective of social constructivism.