籃框外的天空─女性運動員之升學與就業個案研究

Off the Basketball Court: A Case Study of Female Athletes’ Experience of School Admission and Career Development

過去運動員生涯研究多將其就業困境歸咎於學習情況不佳，主張以學業進修與生涯輔導提升其就業競爭力，然而性別之於生涯就業的影響卻鮮少受到重視。據此，本研究藉國內女性籃球員個案探索女性運動員之升學與就業處境，進而對其專業領域的生涯發展空間進行研討。研究結果指出受訪者的生涯想像從「甲組球員」與「國手」轉換到「體育老師」，而受訪者之就業經驗顯示專業領域之發展侷限。前述受訪者升學與就業經驗不僅與個人家庭處境、建教合作關係、以及教育政策息息相關，其職業選擇更深受過去運動經驗之影響。研究發現受訪者之升學就業決策展演結構限制下之個體能動。針對研究發現，研究結論處提出教育經驗改善與未來研究之建議。

Past research has shown that athletes’ career dilemmas may be caused by their academic problems and insufficient support from teachers， advisors or school administrators. Gender， however， though it obviously plays an important role in many aspects of life， has seldom been recognized as a critical factor influencing female athletes’ career development. This research project set out to explore the female athletes’ experience of school admission and career choices， more specifically to their career opportunities in specialized field. To this end， in-depth interviews of eight elite female athletes were conducted. The results indicated that the career dream of informants in general tended to “shift down” from “league players” and “players on a national level” to “physical education teachers，” while those who could not succeed in becoming physical education teachers adapted to other jobs， including positions as part-time coaches， editors， cosmetologists， sales clerks， service representatives， and various part-time jobs based on the individual situation. It was found that female athletes’ career development was framed by the material conditions of their daily lives， the existing educational policies， and the nature of the contracts between and among the athlete， the school， and enterprises sponsoring school varsity teams. In addition， although female athletes’ career choices in specialized field were limited， informants working out their own career paths performed personal agency in relation to social structure. Suggestions for enhancing the educational experiences of today’s female athletes were also offered by the researchers.