按季進呈御覽與清代搢紳錄的刊行

Publication of Jinshenlu in the Qing Dynasty and Its Quarterly Submission for Imperial Review

本文從吏部進呈搢紳御覽的角度切入，檢視清代搢紳錄的刊行，說明吏部進呈御覽《爵秩全覽》與書鋪刊印《搢紳全書》的關係與過程。清代職官名錄文武職分冊；大致而言，文職官錄有二類：一稱作《搢紳全書》，一稱作《爵秩全覽》；武職官錄只有一種，稱作《中樞備覽》；一般統稱「搢紳錄」，也有作《搢紳冊》者。雖然學者多指出清代搢紳錄有官刻與坊刻之別，但對於吏部按季進呈搢紳的來龍去脈並未著墨。此一缺憾對我們瞭解清代搢紳錄的刊行不無影響。本文指出，乾隆三十八年二月初十日（1773/3/2），江南道監察御史費南英奏請嚴禁書坊刊刻搢紳錄，並勅下吏、兵二部，將文武職官名銜派委司務等官，隨時校核，遴工刊印，按季進呈御覽，頒發各坊售賣。本文擬從費南英的這份奏摺切入，探討吏部進呈御覽的緣由、時間、進行的步驟等問題，並以此為基礎檢視清代搢紳錄的刊行；另外也對現存明代的搢紳冊，以及清代搢紳錄始於何時與刊刻搢紳錄之琉璃廠書鋪等問題，就新出資料略作補充，希望能有助於我們對搢紳錄的進一步瞭解。

In the Qing dynasty, civil official registers and military officer registers were complied as separate volumes. There were two kinds of civil official registers, titled Jinshen quanshu (搢紳全書) and Juezhi quanlan (爵秩全覽) respectively, whereas there was only one kind of military officer registers titled Zhongshu beilan (中樞備覽). Together the three were commonly referred to as Jinshenlu (搢紳錄) or Jinshence (搢 紳冊). By examining the Jinshenlu publications, this article intends to address the question of how the Ministry of Personnel complied and submitted Juezhi quanlan quarterly for imperial review and its relation to the publication of Jinshen quanshu in the Qing dynasty. In March 2, 1773, Fei Nanying (費南英), an Investigating Censor of Jiangnan Circuit, submitted a memorial urging the Emperor to forbid the bookshops from privately publishing unauthorized copies of Jinshenlu. The Emperor accordingly ordered the Ministry of Personnel and that of War to periodically collect and revise the information about civil officials and military officers that were in office, including their names, titles, birth places, and dates of their assumption of offices. The information was then compiled into an official copy of Jinshenlu, which would then be submitted to the emperor for imperial review on a quarterly basis, and lastly, distributed to bookshops for making authenticated duplications for sale. Scholars in the past had pointed out that there were in fact official imprints of Jinshenlu as well as unauthenticated private imprints of Jinshenlu by the bookshops, but none of them paid any attention to how the imperial review proceeded and the role that Juezhi quanlan played in this process. Beginning from Fei’s memorials, this essay shows why there was this quarterly imperial review, and how the registers were compiled and submitted for review. It also examines how the bookshop imprints of Jinshen quanshu were printed out. In addition, based on newly discovered materials, the essay discusses when the extant Ming and Qing Jinshenlu appeared, and how they were published by the bookshops in the Liulichang ward in order to enhance our understanding on Jinshenlu.