芭芭拉．克魯格圖文作品之性別論述

Sexual Discourse in Barbara Kruger's Works with Pictures and Words

芭芭拉．克魯格的作品融合女性主義，對日常生活的建構和消費、誘惑和控制的社會機制進行批判性理解。本論文將芭芭拉．克魯格與性別論述有關的圖文作品與女權運動交相比對，依時序分為「自由女性主義高潮」、「婦女運動第二次浪潮」與「第三階段女性主義運動」三階段。克魯格以圖像和文字傳達身體是權力角逐的場域，性屬差異是經過文化詮釋過後的意涵，規訓技術強制身體變成一個文化符號，刻板印象更有助於製造標準化的主體。其圖文作品諷刺、質疑規範性行為的統治文化，批判、挑戰當代社會對於性別、身分認同的既有成見，激發觀眾的認知並採取立場，反抗來自社會的管控，彰顯身體的主體性。克魯格的作品乃是時代變遷、社會演化下的產物，人心思變的歷史回應，在女權運動的時空背景下極具歷史意義及價值。

Barbara Kruger's works blend Feminism, and critically understand the social mechanisms of daily life constructions, consumptions, seductions and control. This paper compares Barbara Kruger's works with pictures and words related to gender discourses with the feminist movement, and is divided into three stages: ''free feminism climax'', '' second wave of women's movement '', and ''third stage of feminist movement''. Kruger conveys the following with pictures and words: Body is a field of power competition; gender differentiation is the meaning after cultural interpretation; the disciplinary technique forces bodies to become cultural symbols; and stereotypes facilitate to product standardized subjects. Kruger's works satirize and question the ruling culture of normalizing sexual behaviors, and criticize and challenge the contemporary society's existing stereotypes about gender and identity. Her works stimulate audiences' cognition to take positions, resist the control from society, and demonstrate the bodies' subject. Kruger's works are the products of thime changes and social evolution, and the historical response of the human reform. Her works contain great historical significance and value in the context of the feminist movement.