校園幸福感與健康景觀設計之實證研究框架

An Evidence-based Framework for Happiness and Healthy Campus Landscape Design

從眾多的研究及報導指出大學生患有許多心理及情緒健康上的問題，例如憂鬱、焦慮、或具有自殺的念頭等。然而，校園環境作為都市綠地接觸自然的重要場所，設計良好的校園環境對學生的學習與活動表現上能具有正向影響。目前已有許多研究證實，生活環境中的「自然」能作為直接性或間接性地影響人們生心理甚至大腦健康。
基於此，本研究提出問題：校園環境屬於學生主要的生活空間，該環境中是否具有恢復性環境之特徵，提供學生幸福感，進而減少負面情緒的產生、達到生心理及大腦放鬆之效益？為探討該議題，本研究將以臺灣大學校總區研究為案例，說明如何結合科技與生心理反應，例如影像發聲（photovoice）、穿戴式裝置（HealthCloud app and iPhone）與大數據影像分析技術，將實證研究的照片、影像、即時心生理數據（如：快閃心理問卷、心跳、心律變異、血氧濃度等）與環境資訊（如：氣溫、濕度、經緯度及環境音）等資訊整合，並結合景觀環境之理論與設計原則，應用在創造健康景觀之校園空間。此外，藉由過去觀看不同景觀環境之腦區反應研究資料分析，作為建立「腦與心」之實證研究數據資料庫，進一步作為推論與改善校園環境並提升學生整體幸福感之實證與理論框架。

Numerous studies and reports indicate that college students suffer from mental health, such as depression, anxiety, or even thoughts of suicide. However, the campus environment is an important place in the built environment for humans to contact nature. A well-designed campus environment with natural elements could have a positive impact on students' learning and performance. At present, studies have confirmed that ''nature'' in the living environment can directly or indirectly affect human's physical and psychological health and even brain activations. Based on this, the research raises the question: The campus environment is the main living space for students. To what extent does the campus environment have a potential for restorativeness? To what extent could the campus environment provide a sense of happiness, thereby reducing the generation of negative emotions, and achieving the benefits of physical, mental, and brain relaxation? To explore this topic, the study takes National Taiwan University as a case study to illustrate how to combine technology with physical and psychological responses, such as photovoice, wearable devices (e.g., HealthCloud app and iPhone), and big data image analysis to collect and integrate the realtime data within images, psychological response (e.g., pop-up questionnaires), physical response (e.g., heartbeat, heart rhythm variability, blood oxygen concentration, etc.), and environmental information (e.g., temperature, humidity, latitude and longitude, environmental sound, etc.). By using those data and combining with the landscape theory and design principles, we could create a healthy landscape campus. The practical and theoretical framework of bringing technology, brain, and mind together could apply to infer and improve the campus environment, which in order to enhance the overall happiness in the future.