命運信念、社會階層與心理健康：台灣社會變遷基本調查之分析

Fate Belief, Social Class, and Mental Health: A Study Based on the Taiwan Social Change Survey

盛行於台灣社會的「命運」觀念，具有濃厚的本土文化色彩，是個體賴以解釋世間事物與自身遭遇，從而適應生命變動的重要因子。對於命運的態度如何影響個人的心理健康，台灣民眾的命運信念又有何特定偏好與變化趨勢？即是本文試圖探究的問題。據此，本研究整併臺灣社會變遷基本調查之2015 年（七期一次）與2020 年（八期一次）綜合組兩期資料，先透過因素分析得到對命運的三種態度，分別為「傳統命運行為」、「協商命運信念」、與「掌控命運信念」。初步發現台灣民眾之協商命運信念相較於其他兩種命運態度為高；而自1984 年至2020 年，掌控命運信念則有隨時間下降之趨勢。更進一步地，協商命運信念可透過三大基本心理需求（自主性、關係性、勝任感）之滿足，進而增益心理健康。本研究亦發現，社會階層會調節協商命運信念對心理健康的影響：對於低社會階層的個體而言，協商命運信念與心理健康的正向關聯較強；相對的在高社會階層者身上，其關聯則不顯著。最後，本研究對命運態度—尤其是協商命運信念—之相關結果予以闡述，尤其從華人文化的角度予以切入之。

The current study aimed to investigate how attitudes toward fate influence the mental health of individuals and whether there were preferences and trends of attitudes toward fate in Taiwan. Based on the 2015 and 2020 Taiwan Social Change Survey, we found three attitudes toward fate: (1) traditional fate behaviors, (2) negotiable fate, and (3) fate control. In addition, individuals tend to prefer negotiable fate to the other two attitudes, and fate control declined from 1984 to 2020. Furthermore, the positive relationship between negotiable fate and mental health can be mediated via three basic psychological needs fulfillment (autonomy, relatedness, and competence). On the other hand, the results revealed that social class moderated the relationship between negotiable fate and mental health. For those with lower social class, negotiable fate was positively correlated with mental health, whereas for those with higher social class, negotiable fate was not correlated with mental health. These findings provide insights that may build a bridge between negotiable fate and mental health in current Chinese society. Implications and limitations are discussed.