新「三國誌」──我國籃球運動職業化歷程的十字路

The New“Romance of Three Kingdoms”: The Crossroads That Professional Basketball Leagues Have Faced in Taiwan

中華職籃 (CBA) 於1994 年正式開賽， 直至1999 年陷入無限期封館後， 臺灣籃球職業化已沉寂二十年。隨後雖有超級籃球聯賽 (SBL) 取而代之， 但運作模式仍屬半職業化的業餘規格。直到2019 年， 寶島夢想家與璞園籃球隊合作成立P. LEAGUE+ 聯盟， 為我國職業籃球開啟了新的里程碑。在2021 年中旬， COVID-19 疫情壟罩期間， 又產生第二個聯盟T1 LEAGUE， 於2021 年12 月這兩個聯盟與SBL 同時於全臺各地開賽，讓臺灣的職籃產業， 頓時步入三強鼎立的戰國時代！ 本文以運動經濟學之背景概念 (concept) 與觀點 (perspective) 為研究框架 (framework)， 以人力市場的運作及薪資協商等主題為取徑， 運用次級資料分析的方式蒐集教科書、期刊論文、網路新聞及相關文獻、並以訪談聯盟的執行長為輔， 探討美國職籃NBA 發展歷史、經驗及國內職籃運作的機制及史料， 進而引申闡述臺灣籃球運動職業化經營的處境， 描述轉播權利金、球員交易、薪資規範和行銷策略等挑戰將成為各聯盟成長面臨的難題。期待能協助聯盟永續發展， 帶動臺灣籃球運動更精進成長。

Since the inception of the Chinese Basketball League (CBA) in 1995 and its indefinite lockout after 1999, no professional basketball leagues had been operated in our nation for twenty years. Although the Super Basketball League (SBL) successfully operated following the CBA, it was still a semi-professional league. In 2019, Formosa Dreamers and Pure Youth collaborated to form the P. LEAGUE+ (PLG), the basketball league in Taiwan had become professionalized again. In the midst of COVID pandemic, another league, T1 started its journey in the summer of 2021. Ultimately, in December of 2021, there were three adult professional basketball leagues (PLG, T1, and SBL) simultaneously competing in Taiwan. This event had started a new page of the development of professional basketball in Taiwan. Despite the first month of the competitions have been played smoothly, there are numerous challenges and issues (i.e., broadcasting rights, free agency and drafts, recruitment of foreign players, salary adjustment, and promotional/marketing strategies) that these leagues must face and overcome in the future. The authors reviewed past literature and historical cases related to the development and operation of National Basketball Association (NBA and former CBA. Information related to leagues’ broadcasting rights, marketing practices and labor issues were analyzed and discussed. We addressed the potential concerns dealing with future challenging issues (labor issues, fiscal control, and obtainment of broadcasting rights) and provided recommendations to combat those problems. The summarized and suggested information will help these league to grow and evolve in a long-term basis and improve the current competitive environment of our basketball.