中國、日本、韓國培育優秀選手之高級中等學校課程規劃探究

Research on Curriculum Planning of High Schools in China, Japan and South Korea for Cultivating Elite Athletes

本研究係針對東亞三國培養優秀運動選手之高級中等學校課程進行探討。本文以比較研究法及文件分析， 瞭解中、日、韓之課程法規及高中課程規劃， 節錄其重點進行文件分析； 其次， 對應臺灣十二年國民基本教育課程研修面向， 瞭解各國課程設計異同處進行分析； 最後透過比較研究綜整結果， 提出臺灣高級中等學校體育班新課綱研修時可具體參酌之議題及面向。結論說明如后： 一、各國均透過立法要求學校應重視一般學科與術科專長訓練並重； 二、一般科目之外， 安排體育專業課程； 三、訂定最低學力參賽標準， 保障學生基本學力； 四、學生能於課餘時間從事自主訓練； 五、高中階段納入職業體系， 培養學生就業能力。最後， 建議主管機關應積極督導學校落實體育班課程實施， 以使政策推動、業務執行、課程成果及職涯進路等， 均能符應國民體育法對各級體育事業的願景。後續研究方向可朝課程實施現況與滿意度調查、基本學力檢核追蹤、自主學習實施現況分析、課程與專業證照取得成果追蹤等議題持續進行。期透過不同研究成果的累積與現場實務經驗的支持， 讓我國體育班能展現出豐富亮眼的競技表現與職涯發展。

This study is conducted to examine the curriculums of senior high schools in three East Asian countries for the cultivation of elite athletes. Firstly, the study adopts a comparative research approach and document analysis to gain insight into the curriculum regulations and high school curriculum planning in China, Japan, and Korea and extracts the key points for document analysis. Secondly, the study moves on to analyze the similarities and differences between curriculum designs in the targeted countries and the Curriculum Guidelines of 12-Year Basic Education in Taiwan. Finally, based on the integrated results of the comparative study, the research proposes specific issues and aspects for reference in the new curriculum for sports talent classes in Taiwan's senior high schools. The conclusions are as follows: First, all countries have to stipulate through legislation, requiring schools to place equal emphasis on both general subjects and academic specialty training. Second, in addition to general subjects, sport-specific programs should be arranged. Third, set a minimum standard of academic ability for participation to protect the basic academic ability of students. Fourth, students should be able to engage in independent training when school is over. Fifth, the vocational system should be incorporated into the high school level to develop students’ employability. Last but not least, it is recommended that the authorities concerned should actively supervise the implementation of the PE curriculum for sports talent classes in schools so that policy promotion, business implementation, curriculum outcomes, career paths, and the like can be in line with the vision of the National Sports Law for sports at all levels. Subsequent research may focus on the following topics: a survey on the current status of curriculum implementation and satisfaction, tracking of basic academic ability, analysis of the current status of independent learning implementation, and tracking of the achievement of curriculum and the acquisition of professional licenses. Through the accumulation of different research results and the support of practical experience in the field, it is expected that our sports talent classes will be able to show a plentiful and bright performance in competitions and career development.